英语PK台 第398期:现在分词基础全讲解(2)(在线收听

   现在分词的语法作用

  现在分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
  1)现在分词(短语)作主语:
  Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job.
  产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
  Saying is easier than doing.
  说比做容易。
  注意:在 There is no 结构中,通常用现在分词。
  There is no joking about such matters.
  这种事开不得玩笑。
  There is no holding back the wheel of history.
  历史车轮不可阻挡。
  2)现在分词(短语)作表语:
  The problem is quite puzzling.
  这个问题很令人困惑。
  3)现在分词作宾语:
  现在分词作动词宾语。如:
  I suggest doing it in a different way.
  我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
  We enjoy attending Miss Li's class.
  我们喜欢听李老师的课。
  现在分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面。如:
  I'm against inviting him to dinner.
  我反对邀请他来吃饭。
  They don't feel like walking that much.
  他们不喜欢走那么多路。
  He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
  他去了伦敦,希望能成为一个著名的画家。
  此类短语还有很多,如:look forward to(渴望,盼望), be proud of (以……自豪), be responsible for(对……负责), insist on(坚持), think of(考虑,想到), dream of(梦想), object to(反对,抗议), hear of(听说), prevent...from(防止,阻止), keep...from(防止,阻止), stop...from(防止,阻止), be engaged in(从事于), depend on(依靠,依赖), thank...for(因……而道谢), excuse...for(因……而道歉), aim at(目的在于), devote...to(献身于), set about(着手做), be/get used to(习惯于), be fond of(喜欢), be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(对……厌烦), succeed in(成功地做……), be interested in(对……感兴趣), be ashamed of(对……感到羞愧)等。
  注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去。
  I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.
  我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
  He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games.
  他过去常花很多时间玩游戏。
  What can prevent us (from) getting married?
  有什么能阻止我们结婚?
  4)现在分词作定语:
  ① 单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。
  reading room 阅览室
  swimming pool 游泳池
  dining car 餐车
  sleeping car 卧车
  singing competition 歌咏比赛
  waiting room 候车室
  a waiting car 一辆等待着的车
  a sleeping child 一个酣睡的孩子
  flying fish 飞鱼
  the exciting news 令人振奋的消息
  a boring speech 令人乏味的演出
  ②现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。
  Who is the man standing by the door?
  站在门边的男人是谁?
  They lived in a house facing south.
  他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
  5)现在分词作状语:现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
  现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出。如:
  While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
  他一边看书,一边不时地点头。
  Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
  看到那些画,他想起了她的童年。
  现在分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
  Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.
  因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。
  Many of us, being so excited, couldn't go to sleep that night.
  因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
  现在分词短语作结果状语。注意:主谓宾+逗号+现在分词=表结果
  His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
  他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。
  She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
  她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。
  现在分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如:
  They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
  他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星。
  Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
  年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
  现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个状语从句。如:
  注意:下面例句如果没有will,现在分词则作后置定语。
  A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
  一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。(现在分词作条件状语)
  A person standing at the foot of a high mountain find himself very small.(后置定语修饰person)
  Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.(现在分词作让步状语)
  尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失。
  “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如:
  His hair became grey with the years passing.
  随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了。
  Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
  没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。
  6)现在分词作补语:
  现在分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find 等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语,作宾语补语。如:
  I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
  我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
  Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.
  昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。
  原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/lesson/yypkt/446824.html