英语PK台 第478期:零基础学代词(4)(在线收听

   指示代词

  表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有:this这个,that那个,these这些,those那些,it那个,这个,such如此的,如此的事物,same同样的,同样的事物。指示代词this,these,that,those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词,可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例句:
  This is a plane.
  这是一架飞机。(作主语)
  Oh, it's not that.
  噢,问题不在那儿。(作表语)
  How do you like these?
  你喜欢这些吗? (作宾语)
  This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.
  这是一本关于中医的书。(作定语)
  指示代词this, these, that, those的其它用法
  1) This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物,that (those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。
  This is a sickle and that is an axe.
  这是一把镰刀,那是一把斧子。
  These days are cold.
  这些天很冷。
  In those days the poor people had a hard time.
  在那些日子里,穷人生活很苦。
  2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,(承上)this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。(启下)
  I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.
  我伤风很厉害,所以我没有来。
  Those two statements are not true.
  (之前)那两种说法是不真实的。
  What I want to say is this: Pronunciation is very important in learning English.
  我所要说的是:语音在英语学习中非常重要。
  3)有时为了避免重复提到过的名词,常可用that或those代替。
  The climate of Shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing.
  沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)
  The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.
  这个县1981年的粮食产量比1970年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)
  4)This和that有时作状语用,表示“程度”,意谓“这么”和“那么”。
  The book is about this thick.
  那本书大约有这么厚。
  I don't want that much.
  我不要那么多。
  不定代词
  英语的不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。指两者和三者或三者以上的不定代词:有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者或三者以上(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混
  Both of my parents are doctors.
  我的父母都是医生。
  All of the students are interested in it.
  所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
  There are trees on each/every side of the square.
  广场的每一边都种有树。
  He has two sons, neither of whom is rich.
  他有两个儿子,都不富有。
  He has three sons, none of whom is rich.
  他有三个儿子,都不富有。
  复合不定代词的用法特点
  复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点:
  1. 复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面:
  There is nothing wrong with the radio.
  这收音机没有毛病。
  Have you seen anyone anybody famous?
  你见过名人吗?
  2. 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their:
  Everyone knows this, doesn't he [don't they]?
  人人都知道这一点,不是吗?
  If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait.
  要是有人来,让他等着。
  3. 指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they:
  Everything is ready, isn't it?
  一切都准备好了,是吗?
  4. anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (分开写):
  any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
  every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)
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