美国学生历史 第126期:新党派与新政策(2)（在线收听） |
As the head of that great department, he controlled more appointments than all the other members of the cabinet put together. 作为这个庞大机构的领导者，他所控制的委任状比起所有其他内阁成员所能委任的人的总和还要多。 The habit of using public offices to reward political friends had begun in Pennsylvania. 使用公共权力回报政治朋友这个习惯始于宾夕法尼亚州，
Washington, in his second term, Adams, and Jefferson had appointed to office only members of their own party. 在华盛顿在第二任总统任期内，亚当斯以及杰斐逊都任命自己党派的人为政府的官员，
Jefferson had also removed from office a few political opponents. 杰斐逊还从政府中革去了一些敌对者的职务。
But there were great difficulties in the way of making removals. 但是，从一个位置上清除一个人非常困难，
Crawford hit upon the plan of appointing officers for four years only. 克劳福德突然提出官员任期为四年这个方案，
Congress at once fell in with the idea and passed the Tenure of Office Act, limiting appointments to four years. 国会立刻赞同这个提议并通过了《官员任期法案》，将聘用期限定为四年。
Crawford promptly used this new power to build up a strong political machine in the Treasury Department, devoted to his personal advancement. 克劳福德立刻用这个新权力在财政部组建一个强大的政治机器。这是一个专注于他个人擢升的政治机器，
He was nominated for the presidency by a Congressional caucus and became the "regular" candidate. 他被国会的核心小组提名为总统职位候选人，由此变成"合法的"候选人。
287. Clay and Jackson. 287．克雷与杰克森
Two men outside of the cabinet were also put forward for Monroe's high office. 内阁之外还有两个人被推向总统的位置，
These were Andrew Jackson of Tennessee and Henry Clay of Kentucky. 他们是田纳西州的安德鲁·杰克森和肯塔基州的亨利·克雷。
Clay and Calhoun had entered politics at about the same time. 克雷几乎与科恩同时进入政界，
They had then believed in the same policy. 信奉同样的政策。
Calhoun had abandoned his early ideas. 科恩放弃了他早期的政治信仰，
But Clay held fast to the policy of "nationalization." 但克雷越来越信奉"国有化"这个政策。
He still favored internal improvements at the national expense. He still favored the protective system. 克雷支持改进开支，支持防护制度；
He was the great "peacemaker" and tried by means of compromises to unite all parts of the Union. 他是伟大的"和平制造者"，试图通过各种折中来将所有的各个州统一为一个联邦。 |
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