and helped shape our understanding of memory. 还帮助我们塑造对记忆的认知。

In 1953, aged 27, the American underwent brain surgery intended to cure his epilepsy. 1953 年，当时 27 岁，这位美国人为了治疗癫痫接受脑部手术。

While the removal of parts of his hippocampus, amygdaloid complex, and entorhinal cortex reduced his seizures, 移除脑中部份的海马回、杏仁核和内嗅皮质虽然减缓了他的症状，

Molaison lost the ability to form any new memories. Molaison 却丧失建立新记忆的能力。

He lived in the present for the rest of his life, unable to store information for any longer than 30 seconds. 他的余生都活在当下，没办法储存信息超过三十秒。

But Molaison's life-changing event was a huge opportunity for scientists. 但 Molaison 这项改变人生的事件对科学家来说却是个重大契机。

Henry could speak, recall long-term memories from before his surgery, carry out tasks like tying shoelaces, Henry 能说话、想起手术之前的长期记忆、能做象是绑鞋带的事情，

and learn some new tasks, such as moving with a walking frame. 也能学习新事物，象是利用助行器行动。

But he was not able to create any new long-term memories, like learning new words, or recall times and dates. 但他没办法建立任何新的长期记忆，象是学习新单字，或记起时间和日期。

Prior to Molaison, there was uncertainty about which part of the brain is used to create memories. 在 Molaison 之前，对于脑部哪个区块是用来建立记忆并没有确切的说法。

By agreeing to be studied over several decades until his death in 2008, Molaison 同意被研究长达数十年，直到他在 2008 年逝世，

Molaison's case transformed the way we understand memory and helped explain how different areas of the brain are linked to specific memory function. 他的案例改变了我们对记忆的认知，并解释了脑中不同区块如何与特定记忆功能产生连结。

Molaison donated his brain to research. It is still analyzed by scientists interested in memory and conditions such as Alzheimer's. Molaison 捐赠自己的大脑以供研究。对记忆或是阿兹海默症等疾病有兴趣的科学家至今还是会分析他的脑部。