PBS高端访谈:影片"交易"展现美国毒品危机中的个人经历（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: Now A new documentary series showcases the pain and the many effects of the nation's opioids crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported yesterday that emergency room visits for suspected opioid overdoses were up 30 percent compared with the year before. The series puts a human face on this crisis. Jeffrey Brown has that story. It's part of our ongoing coverage of this issue, America Addicted.

JEFFREY BROWN: The series is called "The Trade."

MAN: I never thought that I would ever be like this, that I would continue to do something that would kill me.

WOMAN: Get out of my house.

JEFFREY BROWN: And explores the opioid crisis in five parts and from multiple perspectives, the cartels growing poppies and producing heroin in the Mexican highlands, drug enforcement agents trying to stem the flow of heroin and synthetic opioids into Ohio, and active users and their families struggling with addiction in Georgia.

WOMAN: I don't want my kids living in a casket.

MAN: We are getting drug dealers off the street. At least, this way, we can say we are making a difference.

MAN: We all think addiction and drugs, it's not in my neighborhood. The reality is, it is. This stuff is everywhere.

MATTHEW HEINEMAN, Director, "The Trade": You know, access is everything. And the way to get access is through developing deep, deep trust with our subjects.

JEFFREY BROWN: Matthew Heineman directed "The Trade" and recently spoke to me from New York.

MATTHEW HEINEMAN: This issue of the opioid epidemic has always been well-covered in traditional media. And I felt like, with my job and as I have done with previous projects, to really put a human face to this.

JEFFREY BROWN: Heineman is best known for his 2015 Oscar-nominated documentary "Cartel Land," which provided an inside look at life along the U.S.-Mexico border for those on both sides of the war on drugs.

MAN: You know the conditions are that you don't get high, and we know you're high.

JEFFREY BROWN: With "The Trade," he wanted to expand that project to show just far the drug war reaches, as with this Atlanta family, the Waltons, whose two sons struggle with heroin addiction.

WOMAN: That's exactly what I'm here for. Just give me my stuff.

MAN: She's not staying here, Skyler.

MAN: No (EXPLETIVE DELETED). We're trying to get her home.

MAN: Well, how do you -- trying to get her home?

WOMAN: Can I just give him gas money just to get him out of here? Can I just give him money to get out of here?

MATTHEW HEINEMAN: When people think of addiction, they often think of what it does to the individual addict, but,so often, it ravages not just the mind and the body of that person, but the family, communities. And that storyline with the Waltons is really seen through the eyes of his mother, Jen, who tries desperately to help her son

and has been doing so for many years, despite his continued attempts of getting clean and then relapsing and attempts of getting clean.And this drug is so hard to kick, no matter how much love you have, no matter how much support you have.

It's just it's really, really difficult to get off of it.

JEFFREY BROWN: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the drug addiction crisis in 2016 killed more than 64,000 Americans, more than AIDS, gun deaths or car crashes at their own respective peaks. "The Trade," available now on Showtime, explores the consequences on both sides of the border, in Mexico, tens of thousands of people killed or disappeared, mounting police corruption, a security state.

MATTHEW HEINEMAN: This -- quote, unquote -- "war on drugs" is based on this very simple economic structure of supply and demand. As long as there's a demand for drugs in the U.S., there will be a supply of drugs coming from Mexico and South America.

And with that will come violence. With that will come heartbreak. And with that will come criminal enterprises that are taking advantage of it.

MAN: Suspect Corey (PH) is a suspected narcotics trafficker for an overdose which occurred earlier this month.

JEFFREY BROWN: The U.S. is fighting back with more border security and raids and penalties on drug runners.

MAN: Heroin is a killer. It tears people apart, eats them away.

JEFFREY BROWN: But in "The trade," it's a never-ending Whac-A-Mole game drug agents must play, and there's always another drug dealer out there. For Heineman, that's one of the key takeaways.

MATTHEW HEINEMAN: I don't think this crisis is going to be fixed with walls or with barriers. I think we need to stop thinking of it as a war, and stop thinking of it as something that we can police, and stop thinking as something that we should continue to spend billions of dollars on in terms to trying to fight it. I think we have to really start to think of it more and more as a health care crisis and start to, you know, really pour more and more money into treatment, as opposed to just policing the issue.

JEFFREY BROWN: For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Jeffrey Brown in Washington.

JUDY WOODRUFF: All five episodes of "The Trade" are now available to watch for free on YouTube or Showtime.com.

朱蒂·伍德瑞夫：现在，一组新的系列纪录片展现了美国阿片药物危机的痛苦及诸多影响。疾病控制和预防中心昨天报告称，急诊室怀疑阿片药物过量的接诊人数，较前一年相比，增加了30%。本系列影片展现了这场危机中的人性诸面。杰弗里·布朗为您报道。America Addicted是我们就这一问题展开的部分持续报道。

杰弗里·布朗：本系列记录片名为《交易》。

男人：我从没想过我会像现在这样，会欲罢不能地做一些事情，而这些事情会将我置于死地。

女人：滚出我的房间。

杰弗里·布朗：本系列影片从多个角度探讨了阿片危机，分五个部分展开描述，在墨西哥高原种植罂粟和制造海洛因的卡特尔企业联盟，试图阻止海洛因和合成阿片流入俄亥俄州的毒品执法部门，格鲁吉亚毒品的活跃吸食者以及他们与毒瘾斗争着的家庭。

女人：我不想让我的孩子们在棺材里生活。

男人：我们正在街上驱赶贩毒。至少，这样，我们可以说我们正在行动。

男人：我们都觉得吸毒成瘾，这不会发生在自己的街区。而事实是，它就发生在那里。这种东西，无处不在。

马修·海涅曼，影片《交易》导演：你知道，获取毒品就是一切。获取毒品的途径是通过对吸食和贩卖主体的超深层次信任。

杰弗里·布朗：影片《交易》的导演马修·海涅曼，近日在纽约接受了我的采访。

马修·海涅曼：阿片类药物盛行这一问题，一直由传统媒体完美掩护着。我觉得，我的影片和以前的一样，真的很体现人性。

杰弗里·布朗：海涅曼最出名的佳作是他在2015年获得奥斯卡提名的纪录片《贩毒之地》，它为人们展现了，在毒品之战的阴霾下，美墨边境两边人们的生活状况。

男人：你知道的条件是你不吸嗨，但我们知道你吸嗨了。

杰弗里·布朗：他想利用影片《交易》，将这一内容加以扩展，以向人们显现，毒品波及范围之广，就像这个亚特兰大家庭，沃尔顿一样，两个儿子全部身陷海洛因，苦苦挣扎。

女人：这正是我来这里的目的。把我的东西给我。

男人：她不在这里，斯凯勒。

男人：不（脏话删除）。我们想把她送回家。

男人：好吧，你如何设法把她带回家？

女人：我能给他油钱，让他离开这里？我能给他些钱，让他离开这里吗？

马修·海涅曼：当人们想到毒瘾，往往想到的是毒品如何让一个个体成瘾的，但实际上，它侵蚀的不止是一个人的神志，一个人的身体，往往还波及到他的整个家庭以及所住社区。影片中沃尔顿一家的故事主线透过他的母亲，珍的眼中延伸，她不顾一切地帮助她的儿子，坚持了很多年，虽然他的儿子一再复吸。这种毒品很难戒除，无论有多少人爱你，支持你。只是真的，真的很难戒除。

杰弗里·布朗：根据疾病控制和预防中心的说法，2016年，吸毒造成64,000多名美国人丧生，人数超过艾滋病、枪杀或汽车撞车事故单项峰值。《交易》，现已在Showtime上映，探寻边境两边毒品交易引发的后果，在墨西哥，数以万计的人遭到杀害或失踪，警察腐败现象越发严重，安全状态。

马修·海涅曼：这个“毒品战争”基于非常简单的供求经济结构。只要美国有毒品需求，墨西哥和南美洲就有毒品供应。随之而来的就是暴力。进而就是心碎。有了这一点，犯罪企业就会利用它。

男人：嫌犯Corey（PH）被怀疑本月初过量贩运麻醉毒品。

杰弗里·布朗：美国正采取更多措施保障边境安全，对贩毒者予以突袭和惩罚。

男人：海洛因是杀手。它将人撕裂，把它们吃掉。

杰弗里·布朗：但在影片《贸易》中，毒品之战就是一个打地鼠游戏，无休无止，药品代理商必须玩下去，而且毒贩总是无法赶尽杀绝。对于海涅曼来说，这是一个关键要点。

马修·海涅曼：我认为铜墙铁壁或障碍无法解决此次危机。我认为我们不要把它视为一场战争，不要视为我们需要动用警力执法的事情，不要把它看作，一项我们要继续花费数十亿美元来对抗的事情。我认为我们必须开始更多地将它视为一场医疗危机，并开始，你知道，真的把更多的钱投入治疗，而不是仅仅处理问题。

杰弗里·布朗：PBS NewsHour，我是杰弗里·布朗，华盛顿报道。

朱蒂·伍德瑞夫：影片《交易》的全季五集，现都可免费在YouTube或showtime.com上进行观看。