美国国家公共电台 NPR 2万亿美元 特朗普签署美国史上最大规模经济刺激法案（在线收听）

Yesterday, President Trump signed into law the largest economic rescue package in U.S. history, a $2 trillion package to address the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on people, businesses and other institutions.

昨天，特朗普总统签署了美国史上最大规模的经济救助法案，这份2万亿美元计划旨在解决冠状病毒疫情对民众、企业和其他机构造成的影响。

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PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: I want to thank Republicans and Democrats for coming together, setting aside their differences and putting America first.

唐纳德·特朗普总统：我想感谢共和党和民主党，谢谢他们能团结起来，搁置分歧，将美国放在首位。

MARTIN: The deal includes hundreds of billions of dollars for direct payments to Americans, loans for businesses and money for hospitals. Joining us now to talk about who gets what is NPR congressional reporter Claudia Grisales.

马丁：这份方案包括为美国民众提供直接补贴、为企业提供贷款和为医院划拨资金，规模达到数千亿美元。下面我们将连线NPR新闻的国会记者克劳迪娅·格里塞尔斯，请她介绍具体分配计划。

Hello, Claudia.

你好，克劳迪娅。

CLAUDIA GRISALES, BYLINE: Hi there.

克劳迪娅·格里塞尔斯连线：你好。

MARTIN: All right. So let's cut to the chase. Who will be getting the checks, and when will they get them?

马丁：好。我们直接切入正题吧。谁能得到支票，何时能得到？

GRISALES: So under the deal, most Americans will get a check. There's $300 billion set aside for these direct payments. And anyone earning less than 99,000 or couples earning less than 198,000 will get something.

格里塞尔斯：依据方案，大多数美国人都能领到支票。政府为直接补贴划拨了3000亿美元。收入低于9.9万美元的个人和19.8万美元的夫妻将获得补助。

The more you make, however, the less you get. So individuals earning less than 75,000 will get a one-time payment of $1,200. Married couples would get double that. And then families would get $500 per child. So a family of four earning less than $150,000 a year can expect $3,400. Now, the checks will phase down after that and disappear completely for people making more than 99,000 or couples making more than that 198,000.

然而，你赚得越多，得到的补助越少。收入低于7.5万美元的个人可获得1200美元的一次性补助。已婚夫妻可获得双倍补助。每个孩子将收到500美元补助。因此，一个年收入低于15万美元的四口之家将获得3400美元补助。支票数额将随收入的增加而逐步减少，收入超过9.9万美元的个人或超过19.8万美元的夫妻将不会获得补助。

Now, in terms of when you see them, that will depend on how you have filed your taxes. They'll rely on 2019 first. And if that's not filed, they'll look at 2018. If they have your bank information, they'll send it electronically. If not, they have to go through paper checks. Electronically, it could be three weeks. Paper checks — we're not clear yet, but much longer is what we're hearing.

至于何时能收到支票，这取决于你如何申报纳税。他们将首先依照2019年的纳税单。如果还未申报，那他们会参照2018年的纳税情况。如果他们有你的银行信息，他们会用电子方式发送。如果没有你的信息，那他们则不得不寄出纸质支票。电子支票可能会在三周内发放。而纸质支票的情况目前我们还不清楚，不过听说发放时间要比电子支票长得多。

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi talked about the need of this legislation. Let's take a listen.

众议院议长南希·佩洛西谈到了这项法案的必要性。我们来听一下。

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NANCY PELOSI: The American people deserve a government-wide, visionary, evidence-based response to address these threats to their lives and their livelihood. And they need it now.

南希·佩洛西：美国民众应该得到政府层面的、有远见且以证据为基础的回应，以解决他们的生活和生计面临的威胁。他们现在需要这项方案。

MARTIN: And what about the business relief? How is that structured?

马丁：那商业救助呢？如何安排？

GRISALES: So the package includes about $500 billion in loans and other money from major industries such as airlines. Democrats included several provisions to install oversight of how this money is used. They've also banned the use of the funds being used toward stock buybacks or CEO pay boosts. They want to also limit any potential for layoffs during the terms of these loans. They also installed oversight panels for how the money is used.

格里塞尔斯：这份方案包括为航空业等主要行为提供贷款和其他资金，规模约为5000亿美元。民主党纳入了多个条款来监督这笔资金的使用。他们还禁止将这些奖金用于股票回购或CEO加薪。他们还希望限制贷款期限内的裁员可能。同时，他们设立了监管资金使用情况的监督小组。

And although President Trump last night issued a signing statement saying that he was looking to weaken that oversight, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi quickly followed that up last night to say that's not the case. The oversight will continue. In addition to all this, there's $260 billion that will ramp up unemployment insurance. It'll expand from three months to four months of full pay. And the weekly benefit will increase by $600.

虽然特朗普总统昨晚发表签署声明，称计划削弱这种监管，但众议院议长南希·佩洛西昨晚迅速跟进，称情况并非如此。监管仍会继续进行。除此之外，这项方案还划拨2600亿美元用于扩大失业保险。将此前计划发放三个月的全额工资增加到四个月。每周救济金增加600美元。

MARTIN: That's NPR congressional reporter Claudia Grisales.

马丁：以上是NPR新闻的国会记者克劳迪娅·格里塞尔斯带来的报道。

Claudia, thank you.

克劳迪娅，谢谢你。

GRISALES: Thanks for having me.

格里塞尔斯：谢谢你邀请我。