PBS高端访谈:让我们避免青少年犯罪（在线收听）

JOHN YANG: How do you find hope after a horrendous crime? As Maya Trabulsi of public media station KPBS in San Diego us, a group of mothers who lost children to murder have a message for inmates in prison for committing violent crimes.

MAYA TRABULSI: Bevelynn Bravo lost her 21-year-old son seven years ago, killed as he walked out of a friend's house in the City Heights neighborhood of San Diego.

BEVELYNN BRAVO, Mothers With a Message: This is where my son is buried.

MAYA TRABULSI: Her pain as raw now as it was then and during the five years she spent in court, until two men were finally convicted of his murder.

BEVELYNN BRAVO: I went into court crying for the son that I had lost, and I left that courtroom crying for these young people that decided to take my son's life.

MAYA TRABULSI: She used her own tragic story to effect change. Together with other moms of murdered sons and daughters, she formed a group called Mothers With a Message.

BEVELYNN BRAVO: It's a mother's pain. We carry our child for nine months. And when that child is taken at whatever age that may be, something inside of you dies.

MAYA TRABULSI: The women took their grief into the community, hoping to divert teenagers away from crime before more murders took place, but also after, within the correctional system itself.

BEVELYNN BRAVO: The reason we are here is so that we can share our stories. And by sharing, we begin to understand each other, and, by understanding each other, we begin to heal.

MAYA TRABULSI: On a recent visit to Centinela State Prison, the Mothers With a Message spoke with inmates, some of whom have been in prison since they were teenagers, and some may never be eligible for parole. Jason Hernandez is serving a sentence of 84 years to life.

JASON HERNANDEZ, Inmate: Sorry. Sorry doesn't cover it. Sorry, to a lot of people, is a word, and it doesn't cover the pain. How do you give a mom her child back? You can't. How do you give the children their dad back? You can't.

MAYA TRABULSI: Antonio Cruz has been in prison since he was 16.

ANTONIO CRUZ, Inmate: I love this class. I know I owe them more than an apology. I owe them my life. I regret ever making such a decision that took what was to me a gang member, was a son to his mother, was a father, was an uncle.

MAYA TRABULSI: The workshops led by Mothers With a Message reach outside prison walls, too.

DENNIS MARTINEZ, Training Center San Diego: Hi. I'm former U.S. and world skateboard champion Dennis Martinez. I lost everything.

MAYA TRABULSI: Dennis Martinez turned a life of drug addiction into prison ministry.

DENNIS MARTINEZ: I don't care if they're blasted with tattoos, or whatever crime they have committed. If they're willing to change, I was willing to work with them.

MAYA TRABULSI: Once he heard the Mothers With a Message story, he knew he could use it to help offenders entering back into society.

DENNIS MARTINEZ: When you go to prison, your family goes to prison, your wife goes to prison, your kids go to prison.

MAYA TRABULSI: He runs a faith-based residential treatment facility called Training Center in San Diego designed to help transition men back to life on the outside.

DENNIS MARTINEZ: You can never go back in time and change what took place, but you sure darn well can change this moment right now and move forward to make sure that it never happens again. And that's my job, is to get these guys prepared to come out. And so I need the right tools to accomplish this. So I'm going to, I need the shotgun blast. And the Mothers With a Message is my shotgun blast.

MAYA TRABULSI: Matthew Conant was 19 when he entered the prison system.

MATTHEW EMCY CONANT, Inmate: I shot and killed somebody. I was arrested, convicted, and sent to prison on a 20-to-life sentence.

MAYA TRABULSI: He served 25 years, mostly in maximum security facilities, before finally earning parole. But he says it took most of that time, and a long list of behavioral infractions, before he would change his mentality, never expecting to be released. He says the mothers, and their message, finally give him a vicarious look at his own victim's family.

MATTHEW EMCY CONANT: And if you're any bit of a human being or have any humanity left in you, when you hear their story, you can't help but realize what you did and despise what you did. And it just changes your remolds your thinking. So, the class is priceless. And put myself in this position where I'm locked in this cage every day.

MAYA TRABULSI: Now, as a free man, Conant, also known by the rapper name Emcy, joins Martinez inside the prisons and at Training Center, testifying how he was rehabilitated from the inside...

MATTHEW EMCY CONANT: The obligation to do what is right while we have a chance to do what's right.

MAYA TRABULSI: ... before he was let out, living evidence of the impact of a mother's message.

BEVELYNN BRAVO: I thought I was going there to see what I could give them, but they actually did something for me, because my heart was in a lot of pain, and they offered me a little bit of peace.

MAYA TRABULSI: For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Maya Trabulsi in San Diego.

约翰·杨：在经历过滔天罪行后，如何能找到希望呢？根据我台记者驻圣地亚哥站公共媒体电台记者玛雅发回的报道，一群因他人谋杀而失去子女的妈妈们，对犯下暴力罪行的人有话要说。

玛雅：布拉沃7年前失去了自己21岁的儿子。他儿子当时从圣地亚哥一个朋友的家里走出来就被杀害了，那个朋友的家在城市高地社群。

布拉沃，有话要说的妈妈们：我儿子的遗体埋葬在这里。

玛雅：这位心如刀割的母亲从那时开始就开启了长达5年的法庭纠缠，最终2名男子定罪为杀害她儿子的凶手。

布拉沃：我那时候就去法院哭诉失去儿子的悲痛。而在法庭之外，我也会奔走呼号，痛苦那些人竟忍心杀害我的儿子。

玛雅：她通过自己的悲惨经历带来了改变。她跟其他子女遭受杀害的妈妈们一起，组建了一个组织，名为有话要说的妈妈们。

布拉沃：这是来自一位母亲的痛苦，我们怀胎十月才生下宝贝。而当你的孩子死去的时候，无论他/她是多大的时候离开人世的，你心里有一个地方就已经死了。

玛雅：这些妈妈们将悲痛的经历带进了社群，希望能改变避免青少年犯罪，避免更多的谋杀案发生，也希望矫正体系自身能有所改变。

布拉沃：我们在这里是想分享我们的故事。通过分享我们自己的故事，我们开始了解彼此；而通过了解彼此，我们开始彼此治愈。

玛雅：最近去森蒂内拉州立监狱的时候，“有话要说的妈妈们”与罪犯进行了对话。其中有些罪犯还是少年时就进了监狱，还有一些符合保释出狱的资格。詹森·赫尔南德斯被判入狱84年。

詹森·赫尔南德斯，罪犯：对不起，对不起，我无法弥补你们的伤痛。对很多人来说，对不起只是一句话，一句无法弥补伤痛的话。一个母亲失去了自己的孩子，你有力回天吗？你没有。一个孩子失去了自己的父亲，你有力回天吗？你没有。

玛雅：安东尼奥·克鲁兹16岁的时候就入狱了。

安东尼奥·克鲁兹，罪犯：我喜欢这一课。我知道我欠很多人的不只是道歉。我拿命来赔都不足为过。我很后悔曾经的决定让我曾经的一位团伙成员，让一位母亲的儿子，让某个孩子的父亲，让某个孩子的叔叔丧命。

玛雅：有话要说的妈妈们领导着了几个工作坊，这些工作坊也影响到了监狱之外的很多人。

丹尼斯·马丁内斯，圣地亚哥培训中心：大家好，我是美国及世界前滑板冠军丹尼斯·马丁内斯。曾经的我，失去了所有。

玛雅：丹尼斯·马丁内斯也让瘾君子浪子回头了。

丹尼斯·马丁内斯：我不关心他们是否满身纹身以及曾经犯下什么罪。只要他们愿意改变，我就愿意帮助他们。

玛雅：他第一次听闻“有话要说的妈妈们”的故事后，他就知道可以通过这些故事来帮助罪犯重返社会。

丹尼斯·马丁内斯：一个人入狱，他的家人也都会进监狱，比如他的妻儿。

玛雅：丹尼斯经营着一个以信念为基础的居民治疗中心，名为圣地亚哥培训中心。该中心的设立是想帮助人们从监狱过渡到社会生活中。

丹尼斯·马丁内斯：没有回头药，我们无法改变已经发生的事情。但我们肯定可以改变此时此刻，一切向前看，确保不重蹈覆辙。而我的使命就是——让这些人做好重返社会的准备。所以我需要合适的工具来完成这桩使命。所以我需要一个入手点。而“有话要说的妈妈们”的故事就是我的入手点。

玛雅：马修·科南特19岁就入狱了。

马修·科南特，罪犯：我枪杀过人。被逮捕后就定了罪，被判入狱20年。

玛雅：他服刑25年，这几乎是最长的时限了。然后他终于获得了保释的资格。但他说自己耽误了很久的时间，做下了很多错事之后，才开始改变思维，改变那种认为自己永远不会出狱的思维。他说，这些妈妈们以及她们传递的讯息让他对自己罪行的受害者家属有了感同身受的理解。

马修·科南特：如果一个人还有一丝人性的话，那么在听到她们的故事后，就一定会意识到自己做了什么并鄙视自己的所作所为。她们的故事一定会改变我们的想法，这一课是无价的。我在监狱的每一天，都让自己站在这些妈妈们的角度去思考。

玛雅：现在已是自由的科南特是众所周知的饶舌歌手，人送外号Emcy。他在监狱里的时候，就加入了马丁内斯的行列，参加了培训中心的活动，证明了自己是如何由内而外发生改变的。

马修·科南特：在有机会做正确的事的时候，就有义务做正确的事。

玛雅：他在监狱里的变化就证明了这些妈妈们的讯息产生了影响。

布拉沃：曾几何时，我以为自己可以想想办法，看看能为这些母亲们做什么，但其实是她们为我做了很多，因为我的心本来是一片痛苦，而她们让我获得了平静。

玛雅：感谢收听玛雅从圣地亚哥发回的《新闻一小时》。