PBS高端访谈:特朗普撤离叙利亚遭到指责（在线收听）

Judy Woodruff: American troops began leaving Syria today, as a tense cease-fire held between Turkish and Syrian Kurdish forces. Where the Americans were once hailed as helping the Kurds defeat ISIS, today, many in Northeast Syria jeered and pelted American convoys with rotten vegetables and stones. And special correspondent Jane Ferguson, reporting tonight from Northwestern Iraq near the Syria border, encountered some of those evacuating U.S. forces.

Jane Ferguson: U.S. forces left the Northeast Syrian town of Tall Tamr under the cover of darkness. But protesters with signs blocked the convoys. One read, "Thanks for U.S. people, but Trump betrayed us."In the Kurdish held-town of Qamishli on the Turkish border, residents hurled potatoes. As they follow the president's orders and drive away, America's troops are leaving behind men they fought side by side with against ISIS. This weekend, U.S. Defense Secretary Mark Esper said most of the 1,000 troops leaving Northeast Syria are headed to Iraq to press the fight against remnants of ISIS. That came despite a tweet from President Trump saying he was bringing soldiers home. Today, he added some U.S. forces will stay in Syria to protect Kurdish-held oil fields from ISIS and to fight ISIS. In Kabul, Afghanistan, Esper said the move would be deliberate.

Mark Esper: This withdrawal will take weeks, not days. Until that time, our forces will remain in the towns that are located near the oil fields.

Jane Ferguson: But we witnessed a withdrawal that appears to be well on its way, arriving across the border in Iraq, a massive column of U.S. Special Forces, on their way to a new base, American flags flying, as Iraq's Kurds watched from the street. In Washington today, President Trump modified his earlier explanation that all troops were coming out.

President Donald Trump: Well, they're going to be sent initially to different parts, get prepared, and then ultimately we're bringing them home. We're bringing our troops back home. We never agreed to protect the Kurds for the rest of their lives.

Jane Ferguson: The U.S. brokered a five-day cease-fire last Thursday after nearly a week of bloodshed along the border. It came amid widespread panic over possible war crimes committed by Turkish-backed Arab militias and the threat of ethnic cleansing against the Kurds. As part of the deal, the Kurds agreed to withdraw from within 20 miles of the Turkish border in areas where fighting is already under way. Over the weekend, there was some fraying of the fragile cease-fire, with shelling across the Turkish-Syrian border. Each side accused the other of aggression. Kurdish leaders said shelling from the Turkish army killed at least 17 people in the town of Ras al-Ayn.

Talaat Younis: The Turkish army and its mercenaries didn't stop their intensive attacks, aiming to wipe out everybody, and even now the shelling continues.

Jane Ferguson: In Istanbul today, Turkey's foreign minister said it was the Kurds who initiated. He said the Kurds were still honoring the pact, but added that Turkey would resume its operations if the Kurds don't leave the border areas.

Mevlut Cavusoglu: Harassment fires continue. I think around 30 harassment fires already came. And we lost one soldier. And we, of course, as we agreed with the Americans, we have retaliated. If they don't withdraw, our operation will restart.

Jane Ferguson: Amid the upheaval, not just fighters are fleeing, but terrified civilians too. The United Nations says more than 176,000 people have been uprooted from their homes in Northeast Syria, including 70,000 children. Some of them end up in camps like this, in Bandarash in Northwest Iraq. Here we met Kasuma Abdul, one of many mothers who now fears she may be forced to raise her children as refugees. When will you return?

Kasuma Abdul: When will it become a settled country, how we need it to be? We are afraid to return. There is shelling, warplanes and soldiers there.

Jane Ferguson: More like her arrive at the camp every day from their homes inside Syria. For people here, there is such an incredible degree of uncertainty. And that's because their lives are impacted by a foreign policy that changes by the day. One thing everyone we spoke with was certain of was who they blame for this crisis.

Kaniwar Abdul Hamid: Trump is responsible. He betrayed the Kurds. Children have died. People have been displaced. All these people in these tents, it's Trump's fault. He took the decision. He sold out the Kurds.

Jane Ferguson: Kurds like Kaniwar Abdul Hamid told us they believe strongly the American soldiers don't want to leave.

Kaniwar Abdul Hamid: It's not the American military's fault. It was the president's decision. The military has to follow orders.

Jane Ferguson: Tomorrow, the cease-fire between Turkey and the Kurds is set to expire. For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Jane Ferguson in Dohuk, Iraq.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：美国军队今天开始撤离叙利亚了，而现在土耳其和叙利亚的库尔德军队正在处于紧张的停火阶段。曾几何时，美国受人推崇，因为美国帮助库尔德军队击败了IS；而如今，叙利亚东北部的很多人都奚落美国大使，朝他们扔烂了的蔬菜和石头。下面请听我台特约记者简·弗格森从叙利亚边境附近的伊拉克西北部发回的报道。简正好碰到了撤离的部分美国军队。

简·弗格森：美军撤离了叙利亚东北部的小镇泰勒塔米尔镇，但手举牌子的抗议者阻拦住了他们。其中一个牌子上写着：谢谢美国人，但特朗普背叛了我们。库尔德占领了土耳其边境的小镇卡米什利，这里的市民也朝撤离的美军扔了土豆。美军遵从了特朗普的命令并撤军离开了，他们抛下了曾与他们并肩对抗IS的库尔德军人。本周末，美国国防部部长马克·埃斯珀表示，撤离叙利亚东北部的1000支军队中，大多数都是向伊拉克进发去对抗那里残存的IS势力了。但特朗普之前却发推文说自己要“让美国士兵回国”。今天，特朗普补充表示，一些美国军队将会留在叙利亚，保护库尔德占领的油田不被IS占领，同时也要对抗IS。在阿富汗的喀布尔，埃斯珀表示此举是经过深思熟虑的。

马克·埃斯珀：此次撤军需要数周而非数天的时间。在撤军彻底完成之前，美军将留在油田附近的几个小镇上。

简·弗格森：但我们也看到一部分撤军已经开始进行了——一部分美国特种部队已经抵达了伊拉克边境。他们正在去往新基地，那里有美国国旗挥动。而伊拉克的库尔德军人就在街上看着他们撤军。今天，在华盛顿，特朗普一改之前的说法。特朗普之前说所有美国军队都撤离了。

特朗普：美军一开始会被派往数个不同的地方、做好准备工作，然后再回国。我们要让军队回国了。我们从来都没承诺过要护库尔德军队一世周全。

简·弗格森：上周四，美国斡旋达成了长达5天的停火。在此次停火之前，边境上发生了为期一周的杀戮与交火。停火虽然达成了，但人们还是普遍恐慌，担心土耳其支持的阿拉伯民兵组织和针对库尔德的种族清洗威胁会导致战争犯罪的出现。停火协议的部分内容是：库尔德同意在已经发生交战的地区中距离土耳其边境20英里的地方撤离。在刚刚过去的周末里，一触即灭的停火依然经历各种摩擦，土耳其和叙利亚边境上时不时有炮弹飞来飞去。双方都指责对方存在侵略行为。一些土耳其领袖表示，土耳其军队的炮弹导致拉斯阿尔-艾恩至少17人死亡。

塔拉特：土耳其军队及其雇佣兵并未停止猛烈的攻击行为，他们的目的是杀死所有人。即便是现在，炮弹也没停下来。

简·弗格森：今天，在伊斯坦布尔，土耳其外交部长表示是库尔德挑起了杀戮。外交部长说，库尔德人依然遵守协定，但他补充表示，土耳其会继续自己的行动，除非库尔德离开边境地区。

奥金塔斯：战火骚动依然在继续，我想大概已经有30次了吧。我们这边有一名士兵阵亡。当然，我们也认同美国人的观点——我们复仇了。如果他们不撤军的话，那我们的行动也会再次开启。

简·弗格森：动乱之中，逃离的不只是战士，也有吓坏了的老百姓。联合国表示，有17.6万多人离开了自己在叙利亚东北部的家乡，其中包括7万名儿童。其中有些人最终在孟加拉国、伊拉克西北部的难民营里落脚。在这里，我们遇到了阿卜杜勒，她跟很多母亲一样害怕自己的孩子可能被迫要成为难民了。你们什么时候回来呢？

阿卜杜勒：叙利亚什么时候安定下来，我们就什么时候回去。我们真地很需要一片安静的故土。我们很害怕回去，那里有枪炮、战机和士兵。

简·弗格森：有很多跟阿卜杜勒一样的人每天从叙利亚的家乡逃离到难民营。对于这里的人来说，一切都有太多的不确定性了。这是因为他们的生活受到了外交政策的影响，而外交政策每天都在变。我们的每位受访者对于一件事都肯定的——这次危机的罪魁祸首是谁。

阿卜杜勒：特朗普有责任，特朗普背叛了库尔德人，很多儿童因此而死。很多人流离失所。这些人之所以只能住在帐篷里也都是特朗普的错——是特朗普做了撤军的决定，他出卖了库尔德人。

简·弗格森：包括阿卜杜勒在内的很多库尔德人都跟我们说，他们坚信美国士兵是不想离开的。

阿卜杜勒：这件事不是美军的错，是特朗普的错，但美军只能服从命令。

简·弗格森：明天，土耳其和库尔德之间的停火就要到期了。感谢收听简·弗格森从伊拉克杜胡克省发回的《新闻一小时》。