PBS高端访谈:叙利亚和土耳其战事升级（在线收听）

Mounting chaos in Northwestern Syria touched off heavy fighting and urgent diplomacy today, and set a new wave of refugees in motion. Foreign affairs correspondent Nick Schifrin has our report.

NICK SCHIFRIN: On the border that separates Turkey from Syria, the two countries' militaries are hammering each other. Turkey launched multiple attacks against Syrian government forces, in retaliation for Syrian airstrikes that killed 33 Turkish soldiers last night.

HULUSI AKAR, Turkish Minister of National Defense (through translator): Over 200 Syrian regime targets were heavily struck by aircraft, unmanned aerial aircraft and land-based resources immediately following this heinous attack.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Inside Syria, the Turkish military is siding with Syrian rebels in Idlib against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and his ally Russia. Nearby, the Turkish military has deployed to outposts along near the border. Syrian civilians are forced into refugee camps, where children have little to defend against a new adversary, the cold. These displaced families have spent years fleeing the violence and are hoping to escape to Turkey.

MUSTAFA, Internally Displaced Person (through translator): If the Syrian regime and its Russian and Iranian allies are in charge, then we have no option but to go to Turkey, and, from Turkey, go to Europe.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But, in Turkey, Syrian refugees who have spent months or years sheltering are trying to enter Greece, after Turkey hinted at opening its Western border. Some migrants aren't waiting, boarding dinghies to make the perilous journey by sea, stoking memories of 2015, when almost a million refugees risked their lives to cross the Mediterranean and seek asylum in Europe. To try and reduce tensions, today, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan spoke with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Erdogan also spoke with President Trump. And following an emergency meeting, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg called on Russia and Syria to stop bombing civilians.

JENS STOLTENBERG, NATO Secretary-General: I call on them to stop their offensive, to respect international law.

NICK SCHIFRIN: The U.S. says it supports the Turkish operation, but the U.S. has not yet provided material support to help end the crisis.

For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Nick Schifrin.

叙利亚西北部的混乱局势升级，导致今天发生了严重的冲突和紧急外交事件，也让一批新的难民动了起来。下面请外事类记者尼克·斯齐弗林发回的报道。

尼克·斯齐弗林：在土耳其与叙利亚的边境线上，两国军队正激烈互捶。土耳其对叙利亚政府军发动了多次袭击，目的是报复昨晚叙利亚的空袭。这次空袭导致33名土耳其士兵死亡。

胡卢西·阿卡尔，土耳其国防部部长（以下内容为译文版）：这场邪恶的攻击刚结束，叙利亚政府的200个多个目标就受到了飞机、无人机、地面军事资源的袭击。

尼克·斯齐弗林：在叙利亚内部，土耳其军队就在伊德利卜省与叙利亚叛军并肩作战，抗击叙利亚总统阿萨德及其盟友俄罗斯。而在附近，土耳其军队在边境附近的前哨也进行了部署。叙利亚平民被迫来到难民营，在这里，孩子们还有一项新的困难要抵御——寒冷。这些流离失所的家庭花费数年时间逃离暴力局势，希望能逃到土耳其。

穆斯塔法，流离失所者（以下内容为译文版）：如果叙利亚政权及其俄罗斯和伊朗盟友掌控局势的话，那我们将别无选择，只能去土耳其，再从土耳其去欧洲。

尼克·斯齐弗林：但在土耳其有一些叙利亚难民已经花费数月乃至数年时间躲避着，他们想要去希腊，因为土耳其已经给了暗示，说要打开西部的边界。一些难民不等了，直接撑着小船通过海陆去往目的地，这样的旅程很危险，让人不禁想起2015年。那时候，近100万难民冒着生命危险跨过了地中海，想要在欧洲寻求庇护。今天，为了缓解紧张局势，土耳其总统埃尔多安跟俄罗斯总统普京谈话。埃尔多安还跟特朗普谈了话。在召开了一次紧急会议后，北约（NATO）秘书长延斯·斯托尔滕贝格呼吁俄罗斯和叙利亚停止轰炸平民。

延斯·斯托尔滕贝格，北约秘书长：我呼吁他们两国停止进攻行为，要尊重国际法。

尼克·斯齐弗林：美国表示自己支持土耳其的行动，但美国尚未就终止这场危机而提供任何实质性的帮助。感谢收听尼克·斯齐弗林发回的《新闻一小时》。