2020年经济学人 土耳其人的恐同症(2)（在线收听）

In a new poll, that had fallen to 47%. But while public attitudes have softened, official ones have hardened. Only a decade ago, when it still enjoyed good relations with Europe, Mr Erdogan's government signed a convention banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Tens of thousands marched in the Pride Parade on Istanbul's main street under police escort. Today, very little of that spirit remains. The Pride Parade has been banned; rubber bullets and tear-gas await those who turn up. The Diyanet, set up nearly a century ago to reconcile Islamic teachings with secular values, has turned into the voice of political Islam and an arm of the government. Nuanced interpretations of the Koran have given way to a more restrictive approach. Gay celebrities are still feted, even in government circles, but only as long as they do not discuss their sexuality in public.

在一项新的民意调查中，这一比例下降到47%。尽管公众态度有所缓和，但官方态度却强硬起来。就在10年前，埃尔多安政府与欧洲还拥有良好关系的时候，签署了一项公约，禁止基于性取向或性别认同的歧视。数以万计的人在警察的护送下，在伊斯坦布尔的主要街道参加同志大游行。今天，这种精神荡然无存。同志大游行已经被禁；橡皮子弹和催泪瓦斯等着那些出现的人们。近一个世纪前，为调和伊斯兰教义与世俗价值观而成立的宗教事务局，已成为伊斯兰政治力量的代言人和政府职能部门。对《古兰经》细致入微的诠释，已经让位于一种更加严格的方法。即使在政府圈中，同性恋名人仍然可以参加宴请，但前提是他们不在公共场合讨论自己的性取向。

Mr Erdogan's attempts to raise what he calls "a pious generation" have not had the desired impact, however. Studies show young people are turning away from religion. That may be why the ruling Justice and Development (ak) party and the Diyanet have decided to double down. "They're increasingly insecure politically and culturally and they don't want to give an inch to those who take other interpretations of Islam," says Omer Taspinar of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank. "Now there's a spirit of defensive jihad against moral laxity and relativism." In the row over Mr Erbas, Mr Erdogan and his surrogates are suggesting that there is only one immutable Islam, which should not accommodate changing norms. Turkey's history suggests that is not true. But anyone who still thinks moderate Islam and ak belong in the same sentence might want to take note.

然而，埃尔多安试图培养的他称之为“虔诚一代”并未产生预期的效果。研究表明，年轻人正在远离宗教。这可能就是执政党正义发展党和宗教事务局决定双倍下注的原因。“他们在政治和文化上越来越缺乏安全感，他们不想向那些对伊斯兰教有其他诠释方法的人有丝毫让步，”智囊团布鲁金斯学会的奥马尔·塔斯皮纳表示，“现在存在着一种反对道德松懈和相对主义的防御性圣战精神。”在关于埃尔巴斯的争论中，埃尔多安和他的代理人建议只有一个不变的伊斯兰教，它不应该适应不断变化的规范。土耳其的历史表明，这并非实情。但是，任何仍然认为温和派伊斯兰教和正义发展党隶属同一战壕的人可能都该注意一下了。