2020年经济学人 健康数据与隐私(2)（在线收听）

The research was carried out by studying the medical records of some 17m people on the books of gps in England and the 5,683 covid-attributable deaths therein.

这项研究是通过研究英国全科医生名册上约1700万人的医疗记录和5683例冠状病毒引起的死亡而进行的。

GPS are the first port of call in England’s National Health Service (nhs) for any nonemergency matter, and thus hold the most complete records of patients’ health.

GPS是英格兰国家卫生服务体系(nhs)在处理非紧急情况时的首个呼叫对象，所以它有最完整的病人健康记录。

Studying these at this scale and degree of detail, with individual records linked up to causes of death, has never been done before.

以这样的规模和详细程度来研究这些，并将个人记录与死亡原因联系起来，这是史无前例的。

Merely making plans to meddle with such primary-care data has been a cause of great national concern in Britain in the past.

在过去，仅仅是制定计划来干预这些初级保健数据就已经引起了英国举国范围内的极大关注。

Dr Goldacre’s research was possible only because of the incentives created by the andemic,

戈尔达克尔博士的研究之所以成为可能，仅仅是因为贫血症带来的激励，

and the ingenuity of the group of epidemiologists and data scientists he assembled, who call themselves the Opensafely Collective.

以及他召集的流行病学家和数据科学家团队的聪明才智，他们自称为开放安全团队。

In normal circumstances, merely obtaining permission to look at such a trove of sensitive health data would take months, perhaps years

在正常情况下，仅仅是获得查看如此敏感的健康数据的许可，就需要几个月，甚至几年的时间，

of jumping through hoops held by ethics committees, computer-security checkers and so on.

要经过伦理委员会、计算机安全检查人员等等的重重考验。

Running the analysis and getting it published might take months more.

进行分析并将其发表可能还需要数月的时间。

These are not, though, normal circumstances, and in fact it took Opensafely a mere 42 days to go from idea to publication.

然而，这并不是正常情况，事实上，Opensafely只用了42天就从把它从想法变成了出版物。

Three factors made this pace possible.

它的高效有三个原因。

The first is the existence of notices, signed by the country’s health minister, Matt Hancock,

首先是有由该国卫生部长马特·汉考克签署的通知，

which give a wide range of people within the nhs broad licence to have access to and process health data in connection with fighting covid-19.

该通知使nhs服务范围内的大量人员能够获得和处理与抗击新冠肺炎相关的健康数据。

These Control of Patient Information (COPI) notices make it much easier to get data wrangling done.

这些患者信息控制(COPI)通知更容易解决数据争论问题。