英国新闻听力 文莱达鲁萨兰国破旧的供水系统（在线收听）

REPORTER: Mother of three, Mariam Umpina collects water from a small well outside her two room shack in Thandarli, one of Darussalam's poorest neighborhoods. This is the city's dusty underbelly, an unplanned settlement where people try to make a meager living selling home made breads and chapattis from their door step.

The well which has been dug by hand and which has two dirty car tires perched on top of it is perhaps two meters deep and is in close proximity to a number of latrines. It supplies dirty water to Marian and her neighbors.

(Local language)

MARIAM UMPINA: This water is very dirty. It is not suitable for drinking. There's no covering lids and during the night it's just left open, they don't cover it. We use it for cleaning clothes and utensils. We don't use it for drinking. Drinking water we fetch it from very far.

REPORTER: Has the health of your children suffered as a result of you not having access to clean water?

(Local language)

MARIAM UMPINA: My kids' health has been affected and most of the time they are affected by diarrhea and their skin always irritates because after cleaning the utensils you use them for keeping their food. So this affects them indirectly.

REPORTER: Mariam's situation is typical of the majority people across Darussalam after the city's water privatization scheme went disastrously wrong. In this edition of One Planet on the BBC World Service, I'll be looking at the Tanzanian example and exploring whether the privatization of water resources has ever worked successfully in east Africa.

Like the vast majority of people in Thandarli, Mariam has no clean and safe piped water into her house. She has to collect it from over one kilometer away, leaving her house at four in the morning to avoid the heat and queues of other people at the water stand. There she will pay about thirty US cents for a twenty liter bucket of clean water. At that price, she can only afford one bucket a day. Yet about sixty thousand people in Darussalam have a direct water supply into their home and they pay just 1.3 US cents for the same amount of clean water.

(Local language)

MARIAM UMPINA: It's not fair. We can't afford buying ten buckets, that's why we are forced to use the dirty water, that's why we are forced to buy only one bucket of clean water.

REPORTER: John Omfugo works for Water Aid, a British NGO which helps communities to access clean water supplies.

JOHN OMFUNGO: The striction in there is bad because one; it's related to infrastructure problems because most of their infrastructure were installed during the colonial era and they haven't been rehabilitated at all. Currently there are some efforts being done by the Water Utility to try to rehabilitate. But still most of the water coming from the production sites are not linking the city. There is a lot of leakage so there is a lot of wastage. Most of the pipes are broken, and are not repaired, so a lack of investment actually contributes much to this. Because we are using the same resources as was by few people as compared to now where the population is about three million people in there.

REPORTER: We are outside Mama Mariam's house and at our feet there is a pipe which look like it could have carried water at some point. It's broken; it's full up of rubbish and dirt. Is this typical of how the system has degraded?

JOHN OMFUNGO: If you go around the community you would find those small pipes broken, so that's, I mean it's very common in the community.

REPORTER: It was all supposed to be very different. In 2003 the World Bank and other donors wrote a check for over one hundred and sixty million US dollars to rehabilitate the water system in Darussalam. It was then one of the most ambitious water projects in Africa; a public private partnership which would provide water to the poor and act as model for other African cities.

记者：Thandarli的玛瑞阿姆·阿姆皮娜是一位有三个孩子的母亲，她从她的只有两个房间的小屋外的一口小井中取水，Thandarli是文莱达鲁萨兰国最贫穷的地区之一。这里常常尘土飞扬，并不是一个适合居住的地方，那里的居民靠在家门口出售自制的面包和薄煎饼维持艰难的生活。

井是徒手挖出来的，井口处放着两个肮脏的汽车轮胎，井深约2米，与周围的许多公共厕所邻近。玛瑞阿姆和她的邻居都从这口井取水饮用。

（本地方言）

玛瑞阿姆·阿姆皮娜：这水很脏。不适合饮用。井口没有盖子，夜间完全敞开。我们用井水清洗衣物和餐具。我们并不饮用。我们要到很远的地方取饮用水。

记者：你的孩子有没有因为不能饮用干净的水而生病?

（本地方言）

玛瑞阿姆·阿姆皮娜：我孩子的健康已受到影响，他们经常腹泻，皮肤也总是发炎，因为器具清洗完后会用来装食物。因此孩子们受到了间接的影响。

记者：文莱达鲁萨兰国实施的城市水务私营化计划完全失败后，玛瑞阿姆如今的情形是大多数人的写照。本期BBC全球电台的《一个星球》节目中，将由我带领大家去看一看坦桑尼亚的水务规划，探察水资源私营化在非洲东部是否取得了成功。

像Thandarli的大多数人一样，玛瑞阿姆没有清洁安全的自来水接到她家。她不得不到一公里外的地方取水，为避免太阳暴晒和排队等水她每天早上四点就离家去取水。一桶二十公升的水要花费大约30美分。而这个价位，她每天只负担得起一桶水。然而，在文莱达鲁萨兰国约六万人家里接有水管，他们只需付1.3美分就能拥有同等数量的洁净水。

（本地方言）

玛瑞阿姆·阿姆皮娜：这是不公平的。我们买不起十桶水，所以我们被迫使用脏水，所以我们被迫只能购买一桶洁净的水。

记者：约翰·欧姆佛苟在用水援助社工作，这是一个帮助社区获得洁净水供应的英国的非政府组织。

约翰·欧姆佛苟：这里的约束很糟糕，其中一个原因是与基础设施有关，因为大部分的基础设施都是在殖民时代安装的，之后就从来没有修复过。目前水务公共事业部门正在努力整顿这些基础设施。但仍有大部分从生产地输出的水没有连接到城市。水在途中大量渗漏，造成了水资源的大量浪费。大部分水管破裂，没有修复，所以实际上是缺乏投资导致了这个局面。以前是少数人使用这些资源，现在文莱达鲁萨兰国的人口增长到约三百万，可还是在使用相同的资源。

记者：我们现在位于玛瑞阿姆妈妈的小屋外，在我们脚下有一个水管，这条水管看起来似乎能输水。但它已经破裂，上面盖满了垃圾和泥土。这难道就是残破不堪的供水系统的典型写照？

约翰·欧姆佛苟：如果你到周围社区走走，你会发现那些小水管都是破裂的，所以，我的意思是在社区这种情况非常普遍。

记者：这跟最初的设想完全不同。2003年，世界银行和其他捐助者捐献一亿六千万美元，帮助文莱达鲁萨兰国修复供水系统。这成为当时非洲最宏伟的水利项目，该项目属于公私合营企业，建成后将为穷人供水并成为其他非洲城市水利建设的模范工程。