美国国家公共电台 NPR 波音737MAX空难调查报告发布（在线收听）

A sweeping congressional inquiry has found damning evidence of failures at both Boeing and at the Federal Aviation Administration in the development and certification of the 737 Max. The report says these failures contributed to two Max plane crashes killing 346 people. Here's NPR's David Schaper.

一项全面的国会调查发现了确凿证据，证明波音和美国联邦航空局（简称FAA）在737 Max机型的研制和认证过程中存在缺陷。报告显示，这些缺陷导致两架Max飞机坠毁，致346人死亡。NPR新闻的大卫·沙佩尔将带来详细报道。

DAVID SCHAPER, BYLINE: The House Transportation Committee investigation finds that there was no singular technical flaw or pilot failure that led to the deadly 737 Max plane crashes in Indonesia in October of 2018 and Ethiopia the following March. Instead, it describes the circumstances that led up to them almost like a perfect storm, calling it the horrific culmination of a series of faulty technical assumptions by Boeing's engineers, a lack of transparency on the part of Boeing's management and grossly insufficient oversight by the FAA.

大卫·沙佩尔连线：美国众议院运输委员会的调查发现，2018年10月的印尼坠机事故和2019年3月的埃塞俄比亚坠机事故，并不是由单一机械故障或飞行员失误所引起。相反，报告称引发事故的情况就像一场完美风暴，是波音公司工程师错误的技术假设、波音公司管理缺乏透明度以及美国联邦航空局监管严重不足导致的可怕结果。

The report details Boeing's flawed design of a new automated flight control system on the plane and mistakes in using outdated and faulty assumptions of pilot response as well as a culture of concealment, keeping information from the FAA, its customers and the pilots who would fly the plane.

报告详细说明了波音737 Max客机新型自动飞行控制系统存在的设计缺陷以及波音在使用过时且错误的飞行员反应假设以及隐瞒文化方面的错误，该公司向联邦航空局、客户和737 Max飞行员隐瞒了相关信息。

PETER DEFAZIO: There's something that came out of this that's just — it's mind-boggling.

彼得·德法齐奥：调查结果令人难以置信。

SCHAPER: House Transportation Committee Chairman Peter DeFazio oversaw the inquiry and says what's mind-boggling is that both Boeing and the FAA contend they followed proper procedures. It found the 737 Max to be compliant.

沙佩尔：众议院运输委员会主席彼得·德法齐奥监督了这项调查，他说令人难以置信的是，波音和联邦航空局都声称自已遵循了正确的程序。结论是737 Max客机符合规定。

DEFAZIO: That's the bureaucratic word — it was compliant. But the problem is it was compliant and not safe, and people died.

德法齐奥：这是官僚主义词汇——符合规定。问题是，该机型符合规定，但并不安全，而且导致了死亡事故。

SCHAPER: The report also details how Boeing employees were under enormous pressure to keep costs down and the plane on schedule. Aviation Subcommittee Chairman Rick Larsen says misguided priorities of senior management drove a number of troubling decisions.

沙佩尔：报告还详细说明了波音公司员工如何承受巨大压力，以降低成本并让飞机按计划交付。航空小组委员会主席里克·拉森表示，高层管理人员在优先事项上的错误判断导致了多个令人不安的决定。

RICK LARSEN: In one case, senior management went as far as installing countdown clocks in conference rooms, making clear to Max employees that meeting production timelines rather than safety was a top priority.

里克·拉森：有一次，高层管理人员甚至在会议室里安装倒计时钟，明确向Max机型员工表明，当务之急是满足生产时间表而不是安全性。

SCHAPER: The congressional investigation is one of many into what caused the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines 737 Max plane crashes. Christine Negroni is an aviation journalist and author of the book "The Crash Detectives." And she says while much of this information isn't new...

沙佩尔：国会调查是对狮航和埃航737 Max空难事故原因进行的众多调查之一。克里斯汀·内格罗尼是航空记者，也是《坠机侦探》一书的作者。她表示，虽然调查披露的大多都不是新信息……

CHRISTINE NEGRONI: In the whole, what is, to me, astonishing about the report is the depth, the thickness and the deep history of both FAA and Boeing knowing that there were problems with the redesign of this airliner and the obliviousness of both parties in recognizing that this was a problem that needed to be addressed.

克里斯汀·内格罗尼：总的来说，令我吃惊的是这份报告的深度、厚度以及深远历史，联邦航空局和波音都知道这一客机的重新设计存在问题，而且双方都没有意识到这是需要解决的问题。

SCHAPER: Another thing Negroni finds remarkable is that a number of people did raise safety concerns about the 737 Max. But those were either inadequately addressed or just dismissed by Boeing, many of them never seeing the light of day at the FAA. And that's an especially painful realization for the families of those who died in the Max crashes.

沙佩尔：内格罗尼发现的另一件值得注意的事情是，很多人确实对737 Max客机的安全性提出了担心。但这些问题要么没有得到妥善解决，要么被波音公司草草了结，许多问题甚至从未被提交给联邦航空局。对Max客机坠毁事故遇难者的家人来说，这是特别痛苦的认识。

MICHAEL STUMO: It angers us to see how much Boeing did to cover this up and how much FAA has done to help them cover it up.

迈克尔·斯图莫：令我们愤怒的是，波音公司做了多少事来隐瞒这些信息，而联邦航空局又做了多少来帮助他们掩盖这件事。

SCHAPER: Michael Stumo's daughter, 24-year-old Samya Rose Stumo, was on the plane that crash last year in Ethiopia. He believes evidence in this report now shows that the first plane crash in Indonesia was preventable.

沙佩尔：迈克尔·斯图莫的女儿，24岁的萨米娅·罗斯·斯图莫在去年的埃航坠机事故中遇难。他认为这份报告中的证据表明，印尼发生的第一起飞机失事事故是可以避免的。

STUMO: But then the covering up to keep the Max in the air after the Lion Air crash so that it crashed again in Ethiopia and killed my daughter was unforgivable.

斯图莫：但狮航坠机事故发生后，他们隐瞒了信息，让Max客机继续执飞，这导致又一架客机在埃塞俄比亚坠毁，这起事故致我女儿死亡，这种隐瞒行为是不可原谅的。

SCHAPER: In a statement, a Boeing spokesman says the company has learned many hard lessons from the plane crashes and its mistakes and has made fundamental changes to the company's safety culture and protocols as a result. The House Transportation Committee is now drafting legislation to improve FAA oversight in certifying planes. A Senate committee is expected to take up its own FAA reform bill later today.

沙佩尔：波音发言人在声明中表示，公司从坠机事故和错误中吸取了许多惨痛教训，并因此对公司的安全文化和协议进行了根本变革。众议院运输委员会正在起草立法，以改进联邦航空局对飞机认证的监督。一个参议院委员会将在今天晚些时候审议参议院提出的联邦航空局改革法案。

David Schaper, NPR News.

NPR新闻，大卫·沙佩尔报道。