英国卫报:奈斯派索的咖啡革命是如何被粉碎的(12)（在线收听）

“The business model of the future is not in grand statements about what companies will do,”

“未来的商业模式不在于各个公司的宏大宣言”，

says Tima Bansal, a professor at Ivey Business school in Canada who specialises in sustainability.

加拿大艾维商学院的可持续发展专家蒂玛·班萨尔说。

“It’s about waste measurement and transparency.

未来的商业模式是关于废物量和透明度的。

If someone measured the garbage I put out on the lawn, I’d behave differently.”

如果有人估量一下我扔在草坪上的垃圾，我的行为就会不一样了。”

Bansal was mystified as to why Nespresso didn’t provide more detailed public data,

班沙尔对于为什么奈斯派索不提供更详细的公共数据感到困惑，

such as regional breakdowns, about how its capsules are recycled.

比如关于它的胶囊是如何回收的区域数字细目。

“With their competitive advantage, they could be a model of sustainability, leading the circular economy,” she said.

凭借它们的竞争优势，他们可以成为可持续发展的典范，引领循环经济，”她说。

“But once you lose your way, the competition makes it really scary.”

“但一旦你迷失了方向，竞争就会变得非常可怕。

On top of the landfill problem, there are the environmental costs of producing aluminium in the first place.

除了垃圾填埋问题之外，生产铝一开始就要付出环境代价。

Mining a tonne of aluminium can produce about 10-12 tonnes of waste, including 2-3 tonnes of toxic alkaline red mud.

开采1吨铝会产生10-12吨废料，包括2-3吨有毒碱性红泥。

In an attempt to go slightly more green, Nespresso is now working with the commodities giant Rio Tinto to use only “sustainable aluminium”.

为了更环保一点，奈斯派索现在正与商品巨头力拓集团合作，只使用“可持续的铝”。

You might remember Rio Tinto from such edifying corporate stories as “accepting bribes in China”,“corruption allegations in Guinea”

你可能还记得力拓集团的有启发性的企业故事，比如“在中国接受贿赂”，“几内亚腐败指控”，

and “the Norwegian government concluding that Tinto were ‘directly involved’ in ‘severe environmental damage’ through a mine in Indonesia”.

还有“挪威政府得出结论，力拓集团通过印尼的一座矿山‘直接参与’了‘严重的环境破坏’”。

If a tie-in between an Anglo-Australian mining conglomerate with a history of scandals and a secretive Nestle-owned coffee company doesn’t calm the doubters, what will?

如果一家丑闻缠身的英澳大型矿业集团与雀巢旗下的一家秘密咖啡公司的合作都不能平息怀疑者的情绪，那还有什么能呢？

Sustainability in coffee is complex. Lots of the carbon cost is in transport,

在咖啡业中追求可持续性是复杂的。在运输上就消耗了很多碳，

so by some measures, the most efficient use of beans is instant coffee, where only a small amount of coffee is used per cup.

所以从某些方面来说，使用咖啡豆最有效的方法是速溶咖啡，每杯只用少量的咖啡。

But as that coffee tends to come from large farms growing cheaper beans,

但由于这些咖啡往往来自种植廉价咖啡豆的大型农场，

it can be a worse deal for farmers, and encourage types of farming that have a bigger impact on the environment.

对农民来说，这可能是一笔更糟糕的事情，而且它鼓励了对环境影响更大的耕作方式。

One solution could be reusable pods, where fresh coffee can be loaded into a Nespresso-friendly capsule, but at a significant cost to convenience.

一个解决方法是使用可重用咖啡胶囊，将新鲜的咖啡装进这种对奈斯派索友好的胶囊，但是在便利性上会付出巨大的代价。

Defenders of pods say that as well as using a smaller volume of coffee, they use less energy,

支持这种咖啡胶囊的人说，这不仅用了更少的咖啡，还用了更少的能源，

as the machine only heats the small amount of water needed for each serving.

因为机器只加热每次制作咖啡所需的少量水。

But until Nespresso pods can be included in household recycling, the figures on reuse are unlikely to improve.

但是，在奈斯派索咖啡胶囊被纳入家庭回收之前，其重复使用的数字不太可能得到改善。

More eco-friendly competitors will continue to eat into Nespresso’s market share.

更环保的竞争对手将继续侵占奈斯派索的市场份额。