英国新闻听力 非洲移民的艰难历程（在线收听）

ANNOUNCER: Thousands of would be migrants are taking advantage of summer weather and calm seas to try to cross from Africa to Europe. One of the most frequently used routes is from the North West Africa to the Spanish Canary Islands. Many hundred of migrants have made it the Canary in the past few weeks and camps built to house them there are now severely over crowded. Mark Wichika has been in Senegal where attempts are now been made to stop young men put into sea in search of a better life in Europe.

MARK WICHIKA: On a wind pulmo beach where the edgy Africans slide via the Atlantic pounding surf, dusk was falling. A man beckoned on me after the wind, he said his name was Mohammed. But first, I thought he was trying to sell me something, but he re-crouched behind one of his brightly painted fishing boats drawn upon the sands. He pulled from his purse a tightly folded scrap of paper, drawn from a notepad. It was clear he was eager for me to see it, but he handled it with extravagant care. As if it is a vital shred of some ancient treasure map. Unfold he placed it in my hand. The paper was thin and limp from constant handling. But on it, was written the man’s name and address.

"This man is my friend." Mohammed told me. "He says he will help me if I can get to Spain. One day I will find my friend and he will help me have a better life than I have here in Senegal." For Mohammed, the address on the shred of paper was a place called hope, and for a moment, that hope was between my fingers fluttering in the wind at the edge of the ocean. But the hope of thousands of Senegalese rest on even flimsily the foundations of Mohammed's piece of paper. And its hope which drives so many of them to risk their lives in brave but often pathetic attempt to reach Europe.

Plucked from the sea interned and deported they will try again. In a community hole in Dakar, they held a meeting so called returnees. Many had harrowing tales to tell, of lost friends, of brothers and cousins who died in the sea. And yet to a man they told me, "They will take a boat once more, if only they could find the money." What else can we do they asked. There is an exodus born of aspiration as much as desperation. This pressure to succeed in Senegal repressed few opportunities to find success. These are young men who feels shame they can’t provide for their families. They want to pay their way instead many end up paying with their lives. For the handful who make it, a few years cleaning the toilets in Madrid or Marseille, spending nothing, sleeping 10 to a room enjoying abuse or humiliation.

My turn in the kings ransom, the king of Senegal at least, then they can return to their fishing villages as local heroes, men who truly made it. Built a new house for their families; bought a car, maybe send their parents on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Yayee Bayernm Diouf’s son tried to make it. He wanted to provide for her and when she begged him no to go, he told her not to worry, it only for a week or two from Tel Aviv.

A week went by, then two. It was a month before Madam Diouf got a phone call from Tel Aviv from a relative telling her that her only son had drowned. Madam Diouf doesn’t weep alone. In her village, there are hundreds of mothers whose sons would never come home. She has told them to dry their tears. Instead she’s formed the mental women’s collective to work together to care for one another. They sell kuskus, honey, dry fish, and costume dolls. And they campaign to stop other mother’s sons’s going to the sea as theirs have done. Every morning Madam Duff goes on to the beach to plead with young men intent of gambling their lives in a quest for an eldorado in Europe. Hers is a labour of love but she is angry too. Not so long ago, the young men in the village could make a living out of fishing not a fortune, but a living. Then there was no need to go to Europe. Now the little boat come back from the sea half empty. Madam Diouf points to the horizon to the fleet of huge trawler or factory ships only a few miles from the beach. Ships from Europe, “they have taken all our fish” she says, "They want our fish, but they don’t want our people"

播音员：成千上万的难民正利用夏季暖和的气候和平静的海面，奋力的从非洲转移到欧洲去。他们最常用的路线是从西北非到达西班牙的加那利群岛。在过去的几周里成千的难民已经成功登陆了加那利群岛，在那里建立了他们的家园，现在那里已经异常的拥挤。马克?维彻卡去过塞内加尔，在那里人们正试图阻止那些要从海上进入欧洲寻求更好生活的年轻人。

马克?维彻卡：在风浪很大的普尔默海岸边，急躁的非洲人驾驶着小船随着大西洋海浪的冲击而滑行，黄昏要降临了。在风浪平静下来后，一个人朝我招手，他说他的名字叫穆罕默德。起先我还以为他要卖给我些什么，但是他从停搁在沙滩上的涂画艳丽的小船里出来，从钱包里拿出一张严严实实折叠着的碎纸，这张纸是从笔记本上撕下来的。很显然，他急切的想让我看这张纸，却又万分小心的捏拿着，如同拿着生死攸关的远古宝藏地图一般。他把它打开，放在我的手里。纸张因为经常的折叠已经变得很薄很软了。但在上面却是一个人的名字和地址。

穆罕默德告诉我说：“这个人是我的朋友。他说如果我能到西班牙的话，他会帮我的。总有一天我会找到我的朋友，让他帮我创造一个比现在在塞内加尔更好的生活。”对穆罕默德来说，这张废纸上的地址是一个叫做希望的地方，但在一刻间，这个希望却从我的指间飘进了海边的风浪里。但是成千上万的塞内加尔人仍然像穆罕默德那样把微弱的希望寄托在一张薄薄的纸片上。希望驱使他们中的很多人冒着自己的生命危险，做着勇敢但通常很悲惨的去往欧洲的努力。他们以征服大海的勇气和信念一次次的尝试。在达喀尔的一个社区里，他们召开了一次所谓的回国者会议。很多人都有一段痛心的关于失去朋友、兄弟和表兄弟的故事要说，而这些人都葬身于大海之中。

但是也有人告诉我，“如果他们想找到钱的话，就该再驾船试一次。”他们说我们还能做什么呢。他们有太多的渴望，也有太多的绝望。在塞内加尔，虽有成功的渴望，但成功的机会却寥寥无几。有很多年轻人因自己不能养活家庭而感到很羞愧。他们要为自己的生活找出路，而不是仅仅是消耗他们的生命。对于那小部分可以养家的人来说，他们只是成年累月的清洗马桶、做仆人，什么也不需消费，10个人睡在一间小屋子里，尝尽了屈辱。

如果换做我来做蓝塞姆的王者，不，至少是塞内加尔的王者，就让他们回到他们的渔村做当地的英雄。有人确实也做到了，为他们的家人建了新房子，或许再买辆车可以把他们的父母送到麦加进行朝拜。亚伊?贝恩?迪欧夫的儿子就想尽力的创造这样的生活。他想供养他的母亲。当母亲请求他不要去的时候，他告诉她不要担心，从特拉维夫到那里只要一两周的时间。

一周过去了，两周也过去了。一个月之后迪欧夫夫人接到来自特拉维夫的电话，是那儿的一个亲戚打过来的，告诉她，她唯一的儿子已经被淹死了。不是只有迪欧夫夫人一个人在流泪，在她的村庄里，成千上万的母亲也像她一样，她们的儿子永远不会回来了。她告诉她们擦干眼泪。她组织了一个妇女精神医疗队，一起工作，互相照顾。她们卖古司古司、蜂蜜、干鱼和玩偶娃娃，她们尽自己的力量阻挡其他母亲的儿子们像她们的儿子一样，再出海冒险。每天早晨，迪欧夫夫人都要去海边恳求那些堵上自己性命寻找欧洲黄金国的年轻人们不要出海。这是母亲苦口婆心的爱，可是她也是很气愤的。不久以前，村里的年轻人可以以打渔为生了，虽然挣得不是很多，但也够生活了，他们也就再也没有必要去欧洲了。现在，从海上回来的小船多半都是空的。迪欧夫夫人指着海上离海岸仅有几英里的地平线上的一队巨型拖网渔船和捕鲸船，说：“他们把我们的鱼都打捞走了。”这些船都是来自欧洲的，“他们只带走我们的鱼，却不带走我们的人。”