纽约时报 基因编辑婴儿风波后续 贺建奎前导师遭调查(1)（在线收听）

Altered Genes, A US Adviser and an Inquiry

基因编辑，美国导师和一起调查

By Pam Belluck

文/帕姆·贝吕克

“Success!” read the subject line of the email.

“成功了！”邮件的主题栏写到。

The text, in imperfect English, began: “Good News! The women is pregnant, the genome editing success!”

这封用不太标准的英文写成的信开头写着：“好消息！她们（按正确语法应该是“她”）怀孕了，基因组编辑成功了！”

The sender was He Jiankui, an ambitious, young Chinese scientist.

发件人是贺建奎，一位年纪轻轻却雄心勃勃的中国科学家。

The recipient was his former academic adviser, Stephen Quake, a star Stanford bioengineer and inventor.

收件人是他从前的导师斯蒂芬·奎克，此人也是斯坦福大学生物工程方面的明星工程师兼发明家。

“Wow, that’s quite an achievement!” Dr. Quake wrote back. “Hopefully she will carry to term...”

“哇，可喜可贺！”奎克在回信中写道。“希望她能坚持到分娩……”

Months later, the world learned the outcome of that pregnancy:

几个月后，全世界都知道了那次怀孕的结果：

twins born from genetically engineered embryos, the first gene-altered babies.

经过了基因修改的胚胎诞下了一对双胞胎，成为了首例基因编辑婴儿。

Reaction was fierce.

一石激起千层浪。

Many scientists and ethicists condemned the experiment as unethical and unsafe,

科学家和伦理学家纷纷谴责这一实验不道德也不安全，

fearing that it could inspire rogue or frivolous attempts to create permanent genetic changes using unproven and unregulated methods.

(因为他们担心)有人会因此用未经证实和不受监管的方法无所顾忌或草率地对基因进行永久性的修改。

A Chinese government investigation concluded in January

今年1月，中国政府开展的一起调查就在结论中指出，

that Dr. He had “seriously violated ethics, scientific research integrity and relevant state regulations.”

贺建奎博士“严重违背了伦理道德，科研诚信以及国家的有关规定”。

Questions about other American scientists’ knowledge of Dr. He’s plans and their failure to sound a loud alarm

自从贺建奎去年11月公开自己的研究成果以来，

have been an issue since Dr. He revealed his work in November.

其他美国科学家对他的计划是否知情，以及他们为何没有敲响警钟等问题就一直颇受关注。

But now, Dr. Quake is facing a Stanford investigation into his interaction with Dr. He.

现在，斯坦福大学已经开始就奎克博士与贺建奎的往来对奎克博士展开调查了。

That inquiry began after the president of Dr. He’s Chinese university wrote to Stanford’s president alleging that Dr. Quake had helped Dr. He.

因为贺建奎所在中国大学的校长致信斯坦福大学校长，称奎克曾为贺建奎的实验提供过帮助。

“Prof. Stephen Quake provided instructions to the preparation and implementation of the experiment,

“斯蒂芬·奎克教授在实验的准备和具体操作，

the publication of papers, the promotion and news release, and the strategies to react after the news release,”

论文的发表，对实验的宣传，新闻的发布以及发布后的回应策略等多方面都提供了指导，”

he alleged in letters obtained by The New York Times.

该位校长在《纽约时报》获取的那些信件中说到。

Dr. Quake’s actions, he asserted, “violated the internationally recognized academic ethics and codes of conduct, and must be condemned.”

这位校长坚称奎克的行为“违反了国际公认的学术伦理和行为准则，必须予以谴责”。

Dr. Quake denied the allegations in a lengthy interview,

奎克在一次漫长的采访中否认了这些指控，

saying his interaction with Dr. He, who was a postdoctoral student in his lab eight years ago, had been misinterpreted.

说他与8年前在他实验室攻读博士后的贺建奎两人的往来遭到了误解。

“I had nothing to do with this and I wasn’t involved,” Dr. Quake said. “I hold myself to high ethical standards.”

“这件事与我无关，我也没有参与其中，”奎克说。“而且我对自己有着很高的伦理要求。”

Dr. Quake showed The Times what he said were the last few years of his email communication with Dr. He.

奎克向《纽约时报》看了他所谓的过去几年他与贺建奎往来的邮件。

The correspondence provides a revealing window into the informal way researchers navigate a fast-moving, ethically controversial field.

透过那些信件可以看出，在那个发展迅速却又存在着伦理争议的研究领域，研究人员的行事方式并不十分规范。

The emails show that Dr. He, 35, informed Dr. Quake, 49, of milestones, including that the woman became pregnant and gave birth.

那些邮件显示，35岁的贺建奎会向49岁的奎克汇报实验的重大突破，包括那名女子怀孕和分娩的消息。

They show that Dr. Quake advised Dr. He to obtain ethical approval from Chinese institutions

邮件还显示，奎克曾建议贺博士申请中国有关机构的伦理许可，

and submit the results for vetting by peer-reviewed journals,

并将研究结果提交给同行评审的各大期刊进行审核，

and that he agreed to Dr. He’s requests to discuss issues like when to present his research publicly.

此外，他还答应了贺博士提出的，与后者讨论何时公开研究等问题的请求。