美国国家公共电台 NPR 中美洲移民规模不断扩大 北上赴美求生路（在线收听）

Central America has suffered from the pandemic and from two big hurricanes, so it's not too surprising that thousands of migrants are seeking better conditions in the north. A large group of people from Honduras made it across the border to Guatemala. And for some, Mexico would be next. Beyond that, the border of the United States. Journalist Maria Martin is in Antigua, Guatemala, and joins us now with the latest. Good morning.

中美洲遭受了新冠疫情和两场大飓风的双重袭击，因此数千名移民北上寻求更好的生活条件也就不足为奇了。大批洪都拉斯民众越过边境进入危地马拉。对有些人来说，墨西哥会是下一个目的地。之后就是美国边境。记者玛丽亚·马丁现在在危地马拉安提瓜市，她将带来最新报道。早上好。

MARIA MARTIN: Good morning, Steve.

玛丽亚·马丁：早上好，史蒂夫。

INKSEEP: What has happened at the Honduras-Guatemala border?

因斯基普：洪都拉斯和危地马拉边境发生了什么？

MARTIN: Well, what's been going on for the last two days is that maybe as many as 9,000 migrants were able to get through the border this weekend when their numbers overwhelmed security guards at the border. So many of these migrants are young men carrying nothing but a small backpack. But there are also families, women pushing strollers with little babies and some older people in wheelchairs. For most of Monday, there was a standoff between the Guatemalan security forces and the migrants who were blocking a major highway between the two countries. And the migrants were given an ultimatum to move. Now the Guatemalan government says that the migrants have been dispersed. Some have been transported back to Honduras. And others have broken off from the main group and are trying to make their way north to Mexico, then to the U.S. But the Mexican government vows not to let the migrants enter their territory.

马丁：过去两天的情况是，周末可能有多达9000名移民能够越过边境，这使他们的人数超过了边境安保人数。许多移民是年轻人，只背了一个小背包。但移民中也有家庭、推着婴儿推车的女性和坐轮椅的老年人。周一的大部分时间里，危地马拉安全部队都在与堵塞两国主要公路的移民对峙。移民接到了离开公路的最后通牒。危地马拉政府表示，这些移民已被驱散。部分移民已被送回洪都拉斯。其他移民则脱离大部队，试图北上墨西哥，然后前往美国。但墨西哥政府承诺不会让这些移民进入该国领土。

INKSEEP: These sound like the actions of desperate people. What conditions are they fleeing?

因斯基普：这听起来像是绝望之人的行为。他们为何要逃离？

MARTIN: They're very desperate people. They're very low-income. They left this area in Honduras. And, of course, Honduras is one of the poorest, most violent, most corrupt countries in the Americas and one of the areas hardest hit by the two hurricanes that struck in October and November and of course, by the pandemic. I spoke with Father Ismael Moreno, who runs an independent radio station in the region.

马丁：他们非常绝望。他们的收入非常低。他们离开了洪都拉斯的这一地区。当然，洪都拉斯是美洲最贫穷、最暴力、最腐败的国家之一，也是在10月和11月两场飓风中受灾最严重的的地区之一，当然该地区也遭受了新冠疫情的侵袭。我采访了伊斯梅尔·莫雷诺神父，他在该地区经营着一家独立电台。

ISMAEL MORENO: (Speaking Spanish).

伊斯梅尔·莫雷诺：（用西班牙语讲话）。

MARTIN: "With the hurricanes," says Father Melo, "and with the pandemic, Hondurans were left without jobs, homes, with no opportunities to get ahead." So many of the migrants say there's nothing for them in Honduras, that they would be prepared to do anything, that faced with a life of misery, violence and corruption in Honduras, that if they get sent back, they might try again.

马丁：梅洛神父说，“飓风过后，洪都拉斯人失去了工作，没有了家园，也没有了获得成功的机会。”因此许多移民表示，洪都拉斯对他们来说没有任何东西，他们要做各种准备，面对洪都拉斯苦难、暴力和腐败的生活，如果被遣返，那他们可能会再次尝试逃离。

INKSEEP: Although, of course, the pandemic has been going for many months. The hurricanes were last fall. Do you have any sense of why they would be moving now, just as Joe Biden is about to take office in the United States? Is that a pure coincidence?

因斯基普：当然，新冠疫情已经持续了数个月的时间。而飓风在去年秋天来袭。你知道他们为何选择在乔·拜登即将就职美国总统之际北上吗？这纯粹是巧合吗？

MARTIN: Well, really, there were more caravans during the Trump administration because people see that this is a safety in numbers for them, cheaper than paying a smuggler. Many, of course, do see hope for better treatment of migrants under Biden. But the timing, I think, has more to do with the devastations of the hurricanes that were in November. Then came, you know, Christmas. Then it's a new year, and it's time to come up. And of course, this is due to, as Father Melo says, the desperation and the misery of so many Hondurans.

马丁：特朗普政府时期的大篷车难民更多，因为人们认为从数量上来说他们是安全的，而且比付钱给走私者要便宜。当然，许多人确实看到了在拜登领导下改善移民待遇的希望。但我认为，时间的选择更多地与11月份飓风造成的破坏有关。之后就是圣诞节。然后是新的一年，因此是时候北上了。当然，正如梅洛神父所说，主要原因在于许多洪都拉斯人生活在绝望和痛苦之中。

INKSEEP: It's just a reminder, I suppose, that people are driven not necessarily by policies in the United States, but by that desperation back home.

因斯基普：我想，这提醒人们，他们不一定是被美国的政策所驱使，而是被国内的绝望所驱使。

MARTIN: That's right. That's right. It was a new year. And they saw nothing left for them. Nothing was working in terms of getting any help from their government or hope for that.

马丁：对，没错。新年时，他们一无所有。而且，他们没有从政府那里得到任何帮助，也没有看到获得帮助的希望。

INKSEEP: Maria Martin, thank you so much. Really appreciate it.

因斯基普：玛丽亚·马丁，非常谢谢你。谢谢你带来的报道。

MARTIN: Thank you.

马丁：谢谢。

INKSEEP: Journalist Maria Martin speaking in Antigua, Guatemala.

因斯基普：以上是记者玛丽亚·马丁从危地马拉安提瓜市带来的报道。