纽约时报 贫困国家陷入新旧疫情的两面夹击(5)（在线收听）

In poorer countries, the measles mortality rate for children under 5 ranges between 3 and 6 percent;

在较贫穷的国家，5岁以下儿童的麻疹死亡率在3%~6%之间；

conditions like malnutrition or an overcrowded refugee camp can increase the fatality rate.

营养不良或难民营过于拥挤等状况还会加剧病死率。

Children may succumb to complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis and severe diarrhea.

儿童还可能死于肺炎、脑炎和严重腹泻等并发症。

In 2018, the most recent year for which data worldwide has been compiled,

据估计，2018年，也即最近一次全球数据汇编那一年，

there were nearly 10 million estimated cases of measles and 142,300 related deaths.

就有近1000万麻疹病例，其中，死亡病例达14.23万例。

And global immunization programs were more robust then.

当时的全球免疫计划比当前更为有力。

Before the coronavirus pandemic in Ethiopia,

埃塞俄比亚爆发新冠疫情前，

91 percent of children in the capital, Addis Ababa, received their first measles vaccination during routine visits,

首都亚的斯亚贝巴有91%的儿童在常规检查时接种了首支麻疹疫苗，

while 29 percent in rural regions got them.

农村地区则只有29%的儿童得到接种。

(To prevent an outbreak of a highly infectious disease like measles,

(为了防止麻疹这样的高传染性疾病爆发，

the optimum coverage is 95 percent or higher, with two doses of vaccine.)

最佳覆盖率为95%或更高，剂量为两支。)

When the pandemic struck, the country suspended its April measles campaign.

疫情来袭后，该国便暂停了4月份的麻疹宣传活动。

But the government continues to report many new cases.

但政府报告的新病例仍在持续增多。

"Outbreak pathogens don't recognize borders," said Dr. O'Brien of the W.H.O.

“爆发的病原体是不管你国界不国界的，”世卫组织的奥布莱恩医生说。

"Especially measles: Measles anywhere is measles everywhere."

“尤其是麻疹：只要有一个地方出现了麻疹，无论是什么地方，那所有地方都得遭殃。”

Wealthier countries' immunization rates have also been plunging during the pandemic.

疫情期间相对富裕的国家的免疫接种率也在持续下降。

Some American states report drops as steep as 70 percent below the same period a year earlier, for measles and other diseases.

美国一些州报告称，麻疹疫苗及其他疫苗的接种率都比去年同期下降了70%。

Once people start traveling again, the risk of infection will surge.

一旦人们（结束隔离）开始四处走动，感染的风险势必还会激增。

"It keeps me up at night," said Dr. Stephen L. Cocchi, a senior adviser at the global immunization division at the C.D.C.

“一想到这个问题，我晚上都睡不着觉，”疾控中心全球免疫部的高级顾问斯蒂芬·L·科奇医生说。

"These vaccine-preventable diseases are just one plane ride away."

“这些疫苗可有效预防的疾病距离我们就一趟飞机之遥。”