纪录片《狗狗秘闻》 13狗是被驯化的狼（在线收听）

It's now without doubt that dogs are domesticated wolves,

毫无疑问的 狗就是被驯养了的狼

But how and when did it happen?

可这是怎么发生的 何时发生的呢

Again, the archaeological record is inconclusive.

重申一次 考古学的记录不是决定性的

What is clearly a dog?

怎样才算是一条真正的狗

Clearly, a dog is something which is clearly not a wolf.

很明显 狗和狼有区别的

Well, here's a wolf skull and as you can see it's a long,

这是只狼的头骨 它的头骨

quite low skull with a relatively flat top.

狭长 低浅且顶部相对平坦

The teeth are quite large and the thing is quite narrow.

比起家狗这些牙齿更加的显得

Compare that with a domestic dog.

巨大和狭长

This is a cairn terrier and as you can see,

正如你所见 这是一种小猎狗的头骨

The process of domestication has gone really quite a long way.

狗的驯化历史非常悠久

The whole face is very much shorter,

整个脸部显得更加短小了

it's been contracted towards the brain case.

它向头盖骨的方向收缩

The brain case itself has a much steeper front

头盖骨就变得非常的陡峭

and a much more bowed upper surface.

形成一个弓形的上表面

So if you found that, you would be

因此当你察觉到了这些

in no doubt you were dealing with a domestic dog.

毫无无疑 你面对的是条家狗

But this is a domestic alsatian and

这是只驯养的阿尔萨斯牧羊犬

telling these apart really would be substantially difficult.

分辨这些就会变得非常困难

And since early dogs were probably very wolf-like,

自古以来 狗就与狼非常的相似

it's hard to pinpoint when domestication happened

从骨头的形状来分析 精确的找出

by looking at the shape of the bones.

驯化发生的时间点是很困难的一件事情