英语相似词辨析 by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself(在线收听

by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself

这四个词组的意义有所不同。

By oneself的意思是“单独地”、“靠自己地”( alone or independently)。例:

His father lives by himself in the village.

他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。

All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now.

他所有的朋友都离弃他,现在他孤独一人。

For oneself的意义为“为自己”(for himself or for herself)。例:

One should not live only for oneself.

人不应单为自己而活。

In oneself的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。例:

This wood is hard in itself.

这种木头本要就是硬的。

Of oneself的意思是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”(of one's own accord)。例:

Every day I awake of myself at half past five.

每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。

The door opened of itself.

门是自己开的。

The fire went out of itself.

火自己熄灭了。

与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组,即beside oneself和 to oneself,前者义:“失常”、“发狂”;后者是“独自占有或享用”。例:

He was beside himself with joy.

他欣喜若狂。

When one dines in a restaurant,one likes a table to oneself.

人们在饭店吃饭时,总是喜欢独占一桌。

Oneself和 one's self的区别也是值得我们注意的。Oneself是反身强调代词,意指自己;one's self则是代词加名词,意指个人的本性。它们的区别如同myself和my self;yourself和your self ;himself和his self;ourselves 和our selves ;themselves和their selves一样。例:

She made a cup of tea for herself.

她为自己烧了一杯茶。

She looked just like her old self.

她看上去和从前依然一模一样。

请注意,myself可以在句中表示me的涵义,这是其他反身代词所没有的特性。例:

They invited my father and myself(=me)to their party.

他们邀请我父亲和我参加他们的聚会。

He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street.

在马路上他既没有看见我,也没有看见玛丽。

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