美国国家公共电台 NPR 欧盟公布应对气候变化的全面计划（在线收听）

The European Union has a sweeping plan to tackle climate change, and that plan has the potential to reshape the continent's economy.

欧盟提出应对气候变化的全面计划，这项计划可能重塑欧洲大陆的经济。

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen made the case for it yesterday.

欧盟委员会主席乌苏拉·冯德莱恩昨天对此进行了说明。

The infernos and hurricanes we have seen over the last few weeks are only a very small window into what our future could look like.

过去几周我们所看到的火海和飓风向我们揭示了未来可能面临的情况。

But by acting now, when we still have the policy choices, we can do things another way.

但如果现在，也就是我们还有政策选择时就采取行动，我们可以用另一种方式行事。

What is that other way? Among other things, it includes phasing out sales of gas and diesel cars.

另一种方式指什么？这项计划还包括逐步停止销售汽油和柴油汽车。

NPR's Camila Domonoske joins us to tell us how that would work. Morning, Camila.

NPR新闻的卡米拉·多蒙诺斯克将和我们连线，介绍这份计划。早上好，卡米拉。

Good morning, Sacha.

早上好，萨夏。

So the EU's goal is to cut its contribution to climate change by more than a half in just a decade. How would it do that?

欧盟的目标是在短短十年内将其导致气候变化的作用减少一半以上。要如何做到这一点？

Well, this proposal covers a lot of ground.

这项提议涉及很多方面。

You've got boosting wind and solar power, building more efficient buildings, making forests and agriculture into sinks to absorb carbon

首先，必须增加风能和太阳能的使用，建造更高效的建筑，将森林和农业变成吸收碳的水池，

and, of course, changing the vehicles that people drive.

当然，还要改变人们所驾驶的车辆。

An important part of this is also carbon pricing,

碳定价也是该计划的重要组成部分，

which is fundamentally about making things that are worse for the climate relatively more expensive as a way to discourage them from happening,

从根本上讲就是让对气候更不利的东西相对更加昂贵，以此来阻止它们的发生，

which, of course, there are lots of implications when you make things more expensive across the board.

当然，在让它们变得更昂贵时，会产生很多影响。

So the EU is also proposing a Social Climate Fund that would serve as kind of a pool of money to help offset those costs,

因此，欧盟还提议设立社会气候基金，作为资金池，帮助抵消这些成本，

specifically for the lowest-income households in Europe.

特别是为欧洲最低收入家庭提供帮助。

I also want to just emphasize that this is a plan. It's a proposal.

我还要强调的是，这是一项计划。是一项提议。

In order to actually become policy, it needs to be approved by member nations and the EU Parliament, which could be a bit of a fight.

为了真正成为政策，它需要得到成员国和欧盟议会的批准，这可能是一场斗争。

Would this actually mean the end of gas-powered cars in Europe? They're actually going to no longer be on the road?

这是否意味着欧洲汽油动力车的终结？这些汽车不能再上路了吗？

Eventually. So what would happen is this plan would mandate that all new cars be zero-emission vehicles by 2035, so less than 15 years from now.

这是最终目标。这项计划将要求所有新车在2035年前实现零排放，现在还有不到15年的时间。

With current technology, that essentially means electric vehicles. It's very clear at this point that existing cars are not affected.

以目前的技术，这基本上意味着生产电动汽车。很明显，在这一点上，现有汽车不会受到影响。

So people who own vehicles today or 10 years from now wouldn't suddenly find their car being illegal in all of Europe.

现在或10年后拥有汽车的人不会突然发现他们的汽车在整个欧洲属于非法车辆。

But what it would do is it would change what's available on dealer lots, which would change what's on roads over time.

但欧盟的计划是改变经销商可供出售的车辆，这将逐渐改变道路上的车辆类型。

So a gradual phasing out of gas and diesel. And that, of course, has been the goal for some people. For other people, it seemed unthinkable.

逐步淘汰汽油车和柴油车。当然，这也是一些人的目标。对其他人来说，这似乎是不可想象的事情。

How did the EU get to the point where it said, we're going to do this?

欧盟计划怎么做，如何达到这一目标？

Well, we heard at the top policymakers are citing wildfires, storms, heat waves, things that are happening now.

我们刚才听到，最高决策者引用了野火、风暴、热浪以及现在正在发生的事情。

There's a real sense that climate change is not a hypothetical future risk, but an urgent and immediate crisis. That's very clear.

这给人一种真实的感觉，即气候变化不是假设的未来风险，而是迫在眉睫的危机。这非常明确。

It's also the case that individual countries have already set targets for ending the sale of gas cars, which lays the groundwork for the EU to do this.

另外，个别国家已制定停止汽油车销售的目标，这为欧盟的相关计划奠定了基础。

And I think it's key that automakers are talking about going all electric, some of them very rapidly.

我认为，关键是汽车制造商正在讨论全电动化，其中一些制造商的动作非常迅速。

And the fact that industry is moving in that direction has really shifted the sense of what's even possible when it comes to transitioning the global fleet of cars.

事实上，汽车工业正朝着这个方向发展，这确实改变了人们对全球汽车市场转型的看法。

Many of our listeners may know that California is talking about — or has a plan to phase out the sale of gas cars. What about the rest of the U.S.?

我们的许多听众可能知道加州正在讨论——或者说提出了逐步停止销售汽油车的计划。美国其他地区呢？

Yeah. Well, the Biden administration has new vehicle emission standards that are coming out this month.

没错。拜登政府本月将出台新的汽车排放标准。

And progressives have been pushing for that to include a date for ending the sale of new gas cars.

进步人士一直在推动这一计划，将结束销售新汽油车的日期纳入基中。

There's a lot of resistance here and, I'll note, in Europe from automakers who make money selling gas cars and some EV advocates who worry that mandates could backfire.

我要指出的是，这在欧洲面临着很多阻力，反对者包括靠销售汽油车谋利的汽车制造商和担心这项强制令可能适得其反的电动汽车倡导者。

That's NPR's Camila Domonoske. Thanks, Camila.

以上是NPR新闻的卡米拉·多蒙诺斯克带来的报道。谢谢你，卡米拉。

Thanks.

谢谢。