时差N小时 什么是条件反射(上)（在线收听）

If you’ve ever blinked at a sudden light, jerked your hand away from something hot,

如果你在突然的灯光下眨眼，或碰到滚烫的物品立刻抽回手，

or jumped at a loud noise, then you know that these are not actions we consciously plan. Rather, they happen involuntarily.

或听到巨大的声响吓了一跳，你会发现这并不是我们有意识、有计划的行为，而是不自觉发生的。

Such sudden, unconscious movements are a kind of simple neural activity known as a reflex.

这些突然、无意识的行为是一种简单的神经活动，也就是“条件反射”。

A deliberate action, such as raising a spoon to the mouth, involves consciousness. We decide to raise the spoon, then we do it.

有计划的行为包含意识，比如把一个勺子送到嘴边，我们先是拿起勺子，然后再送到嘴边。

Most reflexes, however, do not involve the brain; they are fast, involuntary responses that travel over what is known as a reflex arc.

然而，大部分的条件反射与大脑无关，它们是快速、无意识的反应，该反应通过“反射弧”进行传递。

A reflex arc consists of a stimulus, for example extreme heat, which creates an impulse that travels along sensory nerves and neurons to the spinal cord.

反射弧包括某种刺激，如高温环境下人会产生一种神经冲动，这种神经冲动沿着感觉神经和神经元传递，最后到达脊髓。