美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国将考虑接种辉瑞疫苗（在线收听）

Today might be the day that determines the future of COVID-19 booster shots in this country.

今天可能是决定我国新冠疫苗未来的一天。

Yeah, an advisory committee to the Food and Drug Administration is meeting to consider Pfizer's application to offer a third shot to all Americans older than 16.

是的，食品和药物管理局的顾问委员会正在开会考虑辉瑞公司的申请，为所有16岁以上的美国人提供第三次注射。

President Biden has already said he wants boosters. But some scientists aren't so sure that everyone needs one.

拜登总统已经说过他想要疫苗。但是一些科学家并不确定每个人都需要。

NPR science correspondent Joe Palca is following this one. Good morning, Joe.

NPR 科学记者乔 · 帕尔卡正在关注这条新闻。早上好，乔。

Morning, Noel.

早上好，诺埃尔。

What are the arguments in favor of boosters for all?

支持所有人使用疫苗的论据是什么？

So it's primarily evidence from Israel that over time, the vaccine's ability to prevent any disease begins to decrease.

因此，来自以色列的主要证据表明，随着时间的推移，疫苗预防任何疾病的能力开始下降。

So the longer it's been since you got vaccinated, the more likely you'll get a breakthrough infection.

因此，您接种疫苗的时间越长，您获得突破性感染的可能性就越大。

And it's any kind of infection, even mild disease.

它可以是任何疾病类型的感染，甚至是轻微的疾病。

But there's also some evidence that the vaccine's ability to prevent severe disease is declining, at least for people older than 65.

但也有一些证据表明，疫苗预防严重疾病的能力正在下降，至少对于 65 岁以上的人来说是这样。

Then there's a paper from Israel out this week that says that boosters reduce the likelihood of any disease, including severe disease, in that group and others.

然后本周有一篇来自以色列的论文表明，疫苗可以降低该群体和其他群体患任何疾病的可能性，包括严重疾病。

And then there's laboratory data where they look at people's blood.

然后是实验室数据，他们观察人们的血液。

They take blood samples over time, and they see how their antibody level's doing when they challenge them with a virus in the laboratory.

他们会在一段时间内采集血样，他们在实验室里观察当抗体与病毒处于对抗状态时抗体水平的变化。

And they're showing that the antibody levels are declining over time.

他们表明抗体水平随着时间的推移而下降。

But if you add in a booster, they start behaving or looking like they did right after you got your first round of vaccination. So you're highly protected.

但如果你注射了疫苗，它们的行为或外观就会像你接种第一轮疫苗后那样。 所以你被高度保护了。

And despite all of that, some scientists are still saying, not so fast.

金:尽管如此，一些科学家仍然说，不要这么快。

Right. So the laboratory data of declining antibodies may not translate to actual decline and protection.

没错。 因此，抗体下降的实验室数据可能不能转化为实际的下降和保护。

And remember - the vaccine was created to keep people from getting really sick and in the hospital and dying.

记住，疫苗的发明是为了防止人们真的患病、住院以及离开人世。

And immunologists like Marion Pepper at the University of Washington say we shouldn't be talking about boosters until we see more breakthrough infections that are sending people to the hospital.

免疫学家比如华盛顿大学的马里昂·佩珀认为，我们不应该等到我们看到更多的突破性感染导致人们住院才谈论疫苗。

I don't think we are yet. I need to see data right now that says a booster is essential 'cause so far, I haven't seen it.

我想我们还没有（到那么糟糕的地步）。 我现在就需要数据证明疫苗是必要的，因为到目前为止，我还没有看到。

OK. There are also ethical arguments against Americans getting a third shot.

金:好的。 还有一些伦理上的争论反对美国人接种第三针。

Well, that's right. I mean, many people around the world have no coverage at all.

嗯，没错。 我的意思是，世界上有很多人根本没有保险。

Buddy Creech is the director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program.

巴迪·克里奇是范德比尔特疫苗研究项目的负责人。

There are still billions around the globe that have no access to vaccine.

全球仍有数十亿人无法获得疫苗。

I think that has to go into our decision-making process.

我认为这必须涉及到我们的决策过程。

And there's some serious outrage that wealthy countries are giving out boosters, and poorer countries can't get hold of vaccines for love or money.

非常令人愤怒的是，富裕国家正在提供疫苗，而较贫穷的国家无论如何也得不到疫苗。

So this FDA advisory committee meets today. What do you think is going to happen?

食品药品管理局咨询委员会今天开会。 你觉得会发生什么?

Well, it should be a lively discussion. There are scientific issues, and there is this ethical component.

嗯，这应该是一场热烈的讨论。 既有科学问题，也有伦理问题。

If I had to guess - and I'm prepared to be wrong - I would say that the advisory committee will say that some kind of booster for some people may be advisable, could be older people with health conditions.

如果让我猜的话——我也愿意猜错——我会说，顾问委员会会说某种疫苗对某些人可能是可取的，可能是有健康问题的老年人。

Buddy Creech suggests another group that may be appropriate for boosters.

巴迪·克里奇提出了另一组可能适合接种疫苗的人。

Those who are front-line health care workers, those that are in long-term care facilities.

是那些在一线的卫生保健工作者，那些长期在护理机构的工作者。

They might require boosting if for no other reason than to keep people who are serving and who are at highest risk out of harm's way from even minor colds that could keep them out of work.

如果仅仅是为了让正在服役的人员和高危人员避免轻微感冒的伤害，即使轻微感冒也会让他们失去工作，就可能需要提高工资。

Because Creech says the health care system is already showing signs of strain, and losing staff to illness would be bad.

因为克里奇说，医疗保健系统已经显示出紧张的迹象，员工因疾病流失将是糟糕的。

Now, you have to keep in mind, Noel, that this meeting today of the advisory committee - they're just making recommendations. It'll still be up to the FDA to make a decision.

诺埃尔，你要记住，今天顾问委员会的会议，他们只是在提建议。 这还得由食品和药物管理局来决定。

NPR's Joe Palca. Thank you, Joe.

NPR新闻，乔·帕尔卡报道。 谢谢你,乔。

You're welcome.

不客气。