PBS高端访谈:美国就业有所恢复--但为何工人还是短缺?（在线收听）

Last month, the private sector picked up momentum, with the leisure and hospitality sector adding 164,000 jobs.

上个月，私营部门增长势头强劲，休闲和酒店业增加了16.4万个就业岗位。

The professional business sector grew by 100,000, manufacturing by 60,000 more jobs.

专业商业部门增加了10万个就业岗位，制造业增加了6万个就业岗位。

Joining us from Chicago to explain what this means is Diane Swonk.

黛安·斯旺克将从芝加哥和我们连线，解释这意味着什么。

She's the chief economist at Grant Thornton.

她是Grant Thornton的首席经济学家。

That's a financial services firm.

那是一家金融服务公司。

Diane, welcome back to the "NewsHour."

戴安，欢迎回到“新闻一小时”节目。

Thanks for being with us.

谢谢你做客我们的节目。

I wonder, big picture, you see these job numbers , growing, unemployment dipped slightly.

我想，从大局来看，你看到这些就业数字在增长，失业率略有下降。

Overall, when you look at these, where are the picture it paints of where we are in the recovery?

总体而言，当你看到这些时，它描绘的我们在复苏中处于什么位置?

Well, it means that we're finally making more , progress again towards healing.

嗯，这意味着我们终于在治愈方面取得了更大的进展。

We haven't fully recouped all the jobs lost, but we're whittling away at it much more rapidly.

我们还没有完全恢复所有失去的工作岗位，但我们正在以更快的速度减少失业。

And I think we're going to see an acceleration , once we go into November and December.

我认为，一旦进入11月和12月，我们将看到就业加速增长。

The number of people who actually couldn't work because they were ill actually fell by 150,000 between September and October, ,

由于生病而实际无法工作的人数在9月至10月期间实际上减少了15万人，

again, a sign of the Delta wave easing its pressure on the U.S. economy that we saw over the summer.

这再次表明德尔塔病毒来袭缓解了我们在夏天看到的对美国经济的巨大压力。

And even then, as we already heard, the economy was , much more resilient during the summer.

即便如此，正如我们已经听说的那样，经济在夏季的恢复能力要强得多。

Also more important to note is how the private, sector accelerated job gains and offset declines in education, which is a problem,

同样值得注意的是，私营部门如何加快就业增长，抵消教育支出的下降，这是一个问题，

but the good , news is, they're picking up the baton from the public sector at a critical time,

但好消息是，他们在一个关键时刻从公共部门接过接力棒，

when many people have lost, millions have lost the unemployment benefits they had in September and the supplements , to those benefits that lapsed in early September.

在这个关键时刻，许多人失去了工作， 数以百万计的人失去了他们在9月份获得的失业补助，以及9月初失效的失业补助。

A few details that add some nuance , to that report related to that, in fact, labor force participation did remain flat, right around , 61, 62 percent.

有几个细节为这份报告增加了一些细微差别，实际上，劳动力参与率确实保持不变，正好在61%和62%左右。

So about 100,000 more people did enter the work force, but millions still stayed, out.

因此，大约有10万人进入了劳动力市场，但仍有数百万人没有进入。

That means there were still worker shortages.

这意味着仍然存在劳动力短缺。

A lot of people thought that would change , when those unemployment benefits went away and school started back up.

很多人认为，当失业救济取消，学校恢复正常时，情况会有所改变。

How do , you look at that work force number?

你怎么看劳动力的数量?

That is one of , the biggest problems out there.

这是目前最大的问题之一。

Not only did we have 1.5 million excess retirements above the trend we had seen pre-pandemic during the pandemic.

我们有150万人超额退休，超过了我们在疫情期间看到的疫情前的趋势。

We don't know if those workers that are staying on the shadow, on the sidelines are actually going to come back.

我们不知道那些在阴影中观望的工人是否真的会回来。

We also had lost a lot of workers to long-haul COVID as well.

也因为长期感染新冠病毒失去了很多工作人员。

There's over a million workers that currently are struggling with long-haul COVID, which is a disability.

目前有超过100万名工人正在与长期的COVID作斗争，这是一种残疾。

They have not applied for disability yet.

他们还没有申请残疾。

But that , may be something we see going forward.

但这可能是我们未来看到的东西。

But most importantly are the , -- is the need to provide care, child care in particular.

但最重要的是--需要提供护理，特别是儿童护理。

Not only did we see education employment continue to fall.

我们不仅看到教育就业继续下降。

School districts across the country have struggled to , try to compete with the Amazons and Walmarts of the world

全国各地的学区都在努力与亚马逊和沃尔玛等公司竞争，

to put support staff in place , for many of the after-school programs that make it possible for low-wage parents and single , parents to actually get back into the work force.

为许多课后项目配备支持人员，使低收入父母和单身父母有可能重返职场。

That's really a hurdle out there.

这真的是一个障碍。

We also saw child care continue to decline, so -- in terms of employment.

我们也看到儿童保育继续下降，所以-在就业方面。

So that child care aspect of , it, getting women back in the labor force, although they upticked in their participation a bit, that was after losing ground in September.

在儿童保育方面，让女性重返劳动力市场，尽管她们的参与率有所上升，这是在9月份的失利之后。

We're still missing a lot of women that were hardest hit by the initial layoffs.

仍然有很多在最初裁员中受打击最严重的女性没有重返职场。