全球社会热点新闻 日本啃老族（在线收听）

Family life:Japanese NEET

日本啃老族

NEET is an acronym for the government classification for people currently “Not in Employment, Education or Training”. It was first used in the United Kingdom but its use has spread to other countries, including Japan, China and South Korea.

NEET(啃老族)是目前政府划分的“未就业、未受教育或未受培训”的人群的缩写。英国最早釆用,但已传播到日本、中国和韩国 等其他国家。

In the United Kingdom, the classification comprises people aged between 16 and 18 (some 16 year olds are still of compulsory school age). In Japan, the classification comprises people aged between 15 and 34 who are unemployed, unmarried, not enrolled in school or engaged in housewoiic, and not seeking work or the technical training needed for work. The 1<NEET group” is not a uniform set of individuals but consists of those who will be NEET for a short time while essentially testing out a variety of opportunities and those who have major and often multiple issues and are at long term risk of remaining disengaged.

在英国，这类人由16—18岁的人组成(一些16岁的人仍处于义 务教育的年龄。在日本,这类人15—34岁，未就业、未婚、未上学或 未从事家务劳动,而又不去寻找工作或接受工作所需要的培训。啃老族不是固定的一群人,他们包括那些基本上尝试各种机会而短期 不工作、不上学或不参加培训的人，和那些有主要问题、且经常将问 题扩大导致长期无所事事的人。

The demographic prevalence of NEETs has been indicated in employment statistics. The growth in the NEET population (whose estimated size rose from 480,000 in September 2002 to 520,000 in September 2003, according to the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare), has been met with concern by Japanese politicians, due to the potential impact it would have on the Japanese economy. Other surveys by the Japanese government in 2002 present a much larger figure of 850,000 people who can be classified as NEET in the Japanese population, of which 60 percent is constituted by twenty-five to thirty-four year-olds.

就业统计已经证明了啃老族的风行。据日本卫生、劳动和福利部门的统计，啃老族的规棋已经由2002年9月的48万增长到了2003年9月的52万。啃老族的增长已经引起了日本政界的关注,因为他们对日本经济有潜在的影响。而根据日本政府2002年的其他调査,更是有85万人可以被划分为啃族,而且这中间60%是25至34岁的人。

Unlike most Western European countries, Japan's unemployment benefit terminates automatically after three to six months. Hence NEET in Jq>an are entirely financed by their parents. The problem is attributed entirely to the individual's social wtthdraml as well as the middle class parents* willingness to support this. This form of social withdrawal is linked to the hikiko-mori phenomenon. This phenomenon is seen as a symptom of Japanese working culture which some regard as unduly oppressive with routine demands for overtime and personal sacrifice, in extreme cases resulting in death due to overwork. NEETs, hikikomori or freeters may belong to a proportion of the younger generation who are unwilling to or incapable of putting up with the values imposed upon them by older generations and totalitarian society.

与大多数西欧国家不同的是，日本的失业救济金自动在3至6个月后终止。因此日本啃老族的经济完全靠父母资助。这个问题完全是由于个人社交回避以及中产阶级的父母愿意支持他们这种生活造成的。这种社交回避和孤立者现象是分不开的。日本的工作文化要求长期过度加班和个人 牺牲，甚至出现过度工作致死的极端案例,这种现象被认为是日本工作文化压迫下所产生的相应症状。啃老族、孤立者或飞特族可能属于那些不應或无法接受老一辈和极权社会将其价值观强加 在他们身上的年轻人，

In Japan, NEETs are those who have rejected the accepted social model of adulthood in seeking full-time employment after graduation or further training through the governmental Hello Work schemes to obtain marketable job skills. Some experts state that this issue is due to the extended economic stagnation during the 1990s, which led to high unemployment amongst young people, 2.13 million by some estimates, reflected in a change in status of freeters, who were nominally employed, into NEETs.

在日本，啃老族拒绝接受在毕业后寻找成人社会的全职工作或通过政府“你好，工作”计划接 受符合市场需求的工作技能培训。一些专家指出,这个问题是由于自20世纪90年代长期的经济停 滞造成的。经济停滞导致大量年轻人失业，统计表明这个数字达到了213万。这反映了由名义上还 是有工作的飞特族到啃老族的转变。

NEET is distinct from freeter, the classification for those who continually move between low-wage jobs. Both are seen as a reaction by Japanese youth against the more traditional career path of salary man. The development of freeters and NEETs in Japan shows that the system of lifetime employment has disintegrated in the face of economic pressures together with globalization, where individuals are expected to innovate and communicate across cultures, and where a defined employee role may not exist. The availability of life-long employment in a single company has become increasingly untenable for both corporations and individuals.

啃老族有别于飞特族。飞特族指持续在低薪职业里流动的人。两者都被视为是日本年轻人对传统上班族生活的反抗。飞特族和啃老族的发展表明，日本的终身雇用制度已经在经济压力和全球化面前瓦解了。在这种形势下,个人必须具备创造性和跨文化交际能力,死板地工作是无法生存的。在一个公司里，终身就业对企业和个人来说越来越不适合。

Professor Michiko Miyamoto describes the situation as a: “breakdown of the social framework forged in an industrial society, by which young people become adults.”

宫本美智子教授将这种情况描述为：“工业社会形成的社会框架在年轻人步人成人后崩溃了。”