华盛顿邮报 沉默对男性健康的伤害(3)（在线收听）

    There is a lot of evidence that, from a very young age, we treat boys and girls differently.

    很多证据表明，从很小的时候起，我们对待男孩和女孩的方式就不同。

    And, you know, a boy falls and skins his knee, "Get up, you're fine." You know, and a girl will often get cuddled.

    一个男孩摔倒擦伤了膝盖，会说“起来，你没事的。” 而女孩经常会得到拥抱。

    Some of these, you know, cultural norms are changing.

    其中一些文化准则正在改变。

    And I think that when we talk about this, we have to -- you know, we're speaking in a binary, but that's also changing. Right?

    我觉得当我们谈论这个的时候，我们不得不用非此即彼的二元论来讨论，但这种想法也在变化。对吧?

    But I think you can't ignore the culture because, culturally, we teach our girls to seek healthcare, and men, we don't really teach them that at a young age.

    但我认为你不能忽视文化，因为在文化上，我们教育我们的女孩去寻求医疗保健服务，而对于男性，我们并没有在他们很小的时候就教育他们。

    There's not the annual Pap smear or the mammogram, or there's not the desire to see -- to talk about reproductive health as much. That tends to fall on the woman.

    男性没有每年一次的宫颈涂片检查、胸部X光摄影检查，也不会太想谈论生殖健康。这往往是女性常做的事情。

    And, you know, just across the life span, men don't really start getting the message about going to a doctor till a much later age.

    就寿命而言，男性直到很大的年纪才真正开始明白去看医生的重要性。

    So part of it is, you know, masculinity, that sort of cultural norms around masculinity. Part of it is just what we're teaching our boys.

    出现这种情况的部分原因是男子气概，那种围绕男子气概的文化规范。有一部分原因是我们教给孩子们的东西。

    And I want to add, it's across the globe. It's not just a U.S. problem. You know, men have the power. Men are also discouraged from showing weaknesses, and that hurts women in a lot of ways, too, but it also hurts men.

    我想补充的是，这种现象遍布全球。这不仅仅是美国的问题。男性拥有权力。社会不鼓励男性表现出弱点，这在很多方面伤害了女性，也伤害了男性。

    To your point earlier, you know, because we're not sort of teaching boys or because men of all ages are maybe not getting the message to take care of themselves until a little later, that also has sort of impacts on mental health, which we have seen kind of feed into life expectancy, as well.

    回到你前面说的观点，因为我们没有教育男孩，因为全年龄段的男性可能直到很晚的时候才明白照顾自己的重要性，这对心理健康产生了影响，我们也看到了这对预期寿命的影响。

    Do you have a sense of what effect depression and sort of related mental issues can have on overall longevity?

    你知道抑郁与相关的心理问题会对整体寿命产生什么影响吗?

    We know that men suffer from mental-health problems and from depression at high rates, and yet it's much less likely to be treated.

    我们知道男性有心理健康问题与患抑郁症的比例很高，但却不太可能得到治疗。

    Men are less likely to seek care. In teen boys, depression can look different. It can look like irritability. And parents often will miss it.

    男性不太可能寻求治疗。在十几岁的男孩中，抑郁症可能表现得不同。可能表现为易怒。而家长往往会忽略。

    As a symptom, where a girl might withdraw, a boy might be difficult or irritable, and it just feels like bad teen behavior when actually it's depression.

    作为抑郁症状，女孩可能会不与人交往，男孩则可能会很难相处、易怒，这感觉像是不良青少年行为，而实际上是抑郁症。

    But I don't think pediatricians and parents really understand these differences.

    但我不认为儿科医生和家长真正理解这些差异。

    So, you know, among the 15- to 24-year-old age group, among men, suicide went up, I think, 8% in the last period that it was tracked.

    在15到24岁的男性群体中，自杀率上升了。在最近一段时间的追踪中，青少年男性自杀率上升了8%。