VOA慢速英语2013 安德鲁.杰克逊以及1828年的总统竞选

 

 

Andrew Jackson and the Election of 1828 安德鲁.杰克逊以及1828年的总统竞选

From VOA Learning English, welcome to The Making of a Nation, our weekly program of American history for people learning English. I'm Steve Ember.

 

来自美国之音的学习英语，欢迎来到建国之史，我们每周的节目是美国历史，用于大家学习英语。我是Steve Ember(史蒂夫.安倍)

 

This week in our series, we talk about the election of 1828. It was bitter and full of angry words and accusations.

 

这周是我们的系列节目中，我们谈论1828年的竞选。它是激烈，充满愤怒的言论与指控。

 

The old Republican Party of Thomas Jefferson had split into two opposing groups. President John Quincy Adams led one of the groups. It called itself the National Republican Party.

 

旧的由托马斯.杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson）领导的共和党分裂成了两个对立的组织。总统约翰.昆西.亚当斯（John Quincy Adams）领导其中一个组织。它被称为国家共和党。

 

Andrew Jackson, a military hero and politician, led the other group. It called itself the Democratic Party.

 

安德鲁.杰克逊，一个军队的英雄和政治家，领导另外一个组织。它被称为民主党。

 

Each party had its own newspapers. In Washington, the Daily National Journal supported President Adams. The United States Telegraph supported General Jackson.

每个党派有它自己的新闻报纸。在华盛顿，每日国家日报支持总统亚当斯（Admas）.美国电报支持杰克逊（Adams）将军。

The Telegraph published accusations by Democrats in Congress against the administration.

 

每日日报发布指控，依据民主党人在议会中反抗行政管理。

 

The Journal, in turn, published a pamphlet that said Jackson had fought a man, chased him away like a dog and then stolen his wife.

 

在电报中，反过来，发布了小型宣传册子说到杰克逊与一个男人打斗，追着他像个小狗一样跑开，接着偷了那男子的妻子。

 

Jackson denied these claims. Historians still do not know how much of this story is true. But the story had a great effect on Jackson for the rest of his life.

 

杰克逊（Jackson）否认了这些言论。历史学家一直不知道这个故事有多少是真实的。但是这个故事对杰克逊（Jackson）的后半生有很巨大的影响。

 

Jackson met the young woman, Rachel, at her mother's home near Nashville, Tennessee. Rachel and her husband, Lewis Robards, were living there at the time. They were having marriage problems. Robards argued with his wife about Jackson. He said she and Jackson seemed too close.

 

杰克逊（Jackson）遇到一个年轻的女子，雷切尔（Rachel）,是在她的母亲的家，靠近纳什维尔（Nashville），在田纳西州（Tenessee）. 雷切尔（Rachel）和她的丈夫，雷切尔.罗巴德（Lewis.Robards）,那时正居住在那儿。那时他们正遇到婚姻问题。罗巴德(Roberds)与他的妻子因为杰克逊而争吵。他说她和杰克逊（Jackson）似乎走得太近了。

 

Robards reportedly wanted to fight Jackson with his fists. Jackson said he would face Robards not in a fistfight but in a gunfight, if Robards wished to fight like a gentleman. Robards rejected the invitation to a duel, and nothing more happened between the two men.

罗巴德（Robards）扬言用他的拳头跟杰克逊（Jackson）决斗。杰克逊(Jackson)坦言他如果直面罗巴德(Robards)不会用拳头，是用枪击，如果罗巴德(Robards)希望像一个绅士一样决斗。罗巴德（Robards）拒绝了决斗的邀请，在两个男人之间再也没发生过其他事情。

Robards and his wife settled their differences. But a short time later, they had another dispute, and Rachel left. Court records said she left with a man — Andrew Jackson.

 

罗巴德（Robards）和他的妻子解决了他们的分歧。但是没过多久，他们有了另外的争吵，雷切尔(Rachel)离开了。法院记录说她与一个男人一同离开-那人就是安德鲁.杰克逊(Andrew Jackson)。

 

Rachel's family said she told Robards she wanted a divorce. They said he threatened her, telling her he would carry her away by force.

 

雷切尔的家庭告诉罗巴德（Robards）说雷切尔想要离婚。雷切尔的家人有提到罗巴德威胁他们的女儿，并且恐吓她，说他会强行带走她。

 

So Rachel's family said she decided to flee. She decided to go with some traders to Natchez, in the dangerous Mississippi territory.

 

因此雷切尔(Rachel)的家人说她决定逃离。她决定和一些贸易商一同去纳齐兹（Natchez），在一个危险的密西西比区域。

 

By now, Rachel meant a great deal to Andrew Jackson. He had fallen in love with her. When the traders asked him to go with them to Natchez to protect them, he agreed. The group left for the territory early in 1791.

 

到现在，雷切尔（Rachel）对安德鲁.杰克逊(Andrew Jackson)意味着许多。他爱上了她。当贸易商者问他是否会和他们一同前往纳齐兹（Natchez）,保护他们，他同意了。在1791年初期，他们组织前往了区域。

 

For his part, Lewis Robards began preparations for a divorce. He allowed Rachel's family to believe that he and Rachel were no longer married. But, in fact, he did not complete the necessary legal action to make the divorce final.

对于他来说，路易斯.罗巴德（Lewis.Robards）开始准备离婚。他允许雷切尔的家人相信他与雷切尔（Rachel）已经离婚了。但是，实际上，最终他没有完全使用应有的合法行为最终离婚。

Jackson returned from Natchez after several months. His opponents later claimed that he had married Rachel while in Natchez. They said she was still another man's wife at the time. Opponents said the couple's relationship was both immoral and illegal. They said Jackson was an adulterer for having a relationship with a married woman. And they said Rachel was a bigamist for having two husbands.

 

在几个月后，杰克逊（Jackson）从纳齐兹（Natchez）回来。他的竞争对手不久就深称杰克逊（Jackson）与雷切尔（Rachel）在纳齐兹(Natchez)结婚了。他们说那时，她始终一直是另外一个男人的妻子。竞争对手说到他们夫妻的关系是既不道德，而且是违法的。他们说杰克逊（Jackson）是一个奸夫，因为他与一个已婚的女人建立了关系。同时他们说雷切尔(Rachel)有两个丈夫患有重婚。

 

But Jackson said he believed Rachel and her first husband, Lewis Robards, were divorced. He said he returned to Nashville to ask Rachel's mother for permission to marry her daughter and that she agreed.

 

但是杰克逊（Jackson）说他相信雷切尔(Rachel)和他的第一人丈夫，路易斯.罗巴德(Lewis.Robards),已经离婚了。他说他回到那什维尔(Nashville)询问雷切尔（Rachel）的母亲，征求许可让她的女儿可以和他结婚，并且她母亲是同意的。

 

Andrew and Rachel Jackson remained in Tennessee. The next two years were busy for Jackson. As a young lawyer, he worked hard and traveled far.

 

安德鲁(Andrew)和雷切尔.杰克逊（Rachel.Jackson）居住在了田纳西州。在接下来的两年里，杰克逊(Jackson)十分的忙碌.作为一名年轻的律师，他工作努力，并且到很远的地方旅行。

 

Then, in December 1793, Jackson said he discovered court papers showing that Lewis Robards had only recently divorced Rachel. Jackson said he was shocked. As soon as possible, he and Rachel were married again — legally this time.

接着，在1793年12月，杰克逊（Jackson）说他发现法庭文件显示路易斯.罗巴德（Lewis.Robards）在最近才跟雷切尔（Rachel）离婚。杰克逊（Jackson）表示震惊。立即，他就与雷切尔(Rachel)再一次结婚-这次是合法的。

Almost 10 years passed. Jackson became a judge and got involved in Tennessee politics. But the circumstances of his marriage remained an issue that led to arguments. For instance, a man once accused Jackson of cheating on a horse racing bet. Then the man called his wife a bigamist. Jackson killed the man in a duel.

 

近10年过去了。杰克逊（Jackson）成为了法官，并且卷入了田纳西州的政治。但是他的婚姻的情况一直是一个导致许多争论的问题。例如，一个男人曾经指责杰克逊（Jackson）在赛马打赌上有欺骗的行为。接着那个男人说杰克逊的妻子是一个重婚者。杰克逊(Jackson)在决斗中杀死了那个男人。

 

Later, in the 1828 presidential election, Jackson's opponents made Rachel's honor a campaign issue. Jackson could not duel everyone who questioned his wife's honor. So he asked a special committee of citizens to investigate his marriage and make a public report. Many people on the committee were his friends or supporters.

 

之后，在1828年总统竞选，杰克逊（Jackson）的竞争对手将雷切尔(Rachel)的名誉作为竞选的议题。杰克逊(Jackson)不能与每个质疑他妻子名誉的人决斗。所以他联系一个特殊委员会的委员去调查他的婚姻，并且制成了一份公开的报告。许多委员会的人是他的朋友或者是支持者。

 

The committee found that the Jacksons were not at fault for getting married before Rachel and her first husband were legally divorced.

 

委员会发现杰克逊（Jackson）在雷切尔（Rachel）和他的第一任丈夫合法离婚后，与雷切尔结婚是没有错误的。

 

The pro-Jackson newspaper in Washington published the committee's report. Pro-Jackson papers also began to print vicious stories about President Adams and his wife.

 

支持杰克逊的新闻报纸在华盛顿发布了委员会的报告。支持杰克逊的新闻报纸也开始印发各种邪恶的关于总统亚当斯（Adams）与他的妻子的故事。

 

Anti-Jackson newspapers did not publish the committee's report. They continued to denounce the Jacksons' marriage.

反对杰克逊的新闻没有发表委员会的报告。他们继续谴责杰克逊（Jackson）的婚姻。

Historian Daniel Feller at the University of Tennessee is an expert on Andrew Jackson. He says the charges about Jackson's marriage made a good story for people to talk about. But he says other accusations were more serious. These were about Jackson's career.

 

历史学家丹尼尔.菲尔（Daniel.Feller）是田纳西州大学的研究安德鲁.杰克逊（Andrew.Jackson）的专家。他说到给杰克逊的婚姻编造一个好的故事供人们讨论，可以收取费用。但是他说到其他的指控会更严重。这些指控是关于杰克逊的职业生涯。

 

"The attacks that really hit home were about Jackson's unauthorized, and perhaps directly-against-orders, conquest of Florida in 1819. His sometimes savage disciplinary measures against his own troops. His declaring martial law in New Orleans and maintaining martial law in New Orleans and arresting people in New Orleans well after the War of 1812 was actually over."

 

“这些攻击确实击中要害，关于杰克逊(Jackson)的违法，并且可能直接反对军命，在1819年征服了佛罗里达。他有时野蛮的纪律措施管理自己的军队。他在新奥尔良（New Orleans）宣布了戒严法，并且在新奥尔良（New Orleans）维护戒严法，在新奥尔良（New.Orleans）抓捕人们实施的很好， 1821年之后的战争就实际结束了。”

 

All during the bitter election campaign, neither Jackson nor his opponent, President Adams, said anything about one very important issue: slavery. Adams did not want to lose what little support he had in the South and West by denouncing slavery. Jackson did not want to lose the support of some Republicans in the North by openly defending it.

所有在这期间激烈的竞选活动，无论是杰克逊，还是他的竞争对手-总统亚当斯（Adams），说任何一个十分重要的问题：奴隶制。亚当斯（Adams）不想失去他在南方和西部的的无论多小的支持，通过谴责奴隶制。杰克逊（Jackson）不想失去在许多共和党人士在北方公然保护它。

Adams's silence did not mean that he approved of slavery. Southerners were sure that he opposed it. And Jackson did not have to tell the South what he thought about slavery. He was a slave owner, and he had bought and sold slaves all his life.

亚当斯（Adams）的沉默不意味着他支持奴隶制。美国南部的人确信他是反对的。并且杰克逊（Jackson）没有必要告诉南部他是怎么想奴隶制的。他是一个奴隶的所有者，并且他在他的一生中有买卖奴隶。

There was another important difference between the two men and their political parties. President Adams and the Republicans represented the interests of those who owned property.

两个男人及他们的政治党派都截然不同。总统亚当斯（Adams）和共和党人士代表了那些人拥有财产所有权的人的利益。

Many of the president's supporters felt that wealthy, property-owning citizens should control the government.

许多的总统支持者感受到了财富，财产所有者公民应该控制政府。

Jackson and the Democrats represented the interests of the common people. They did not feel that the rich had more right to govern than the poor.

杰克逊（Jackson）和民主党代表了平民的利益。他们没有觉得富人就应该比穷人拥有更多的权利。

The presidential election of 1828 was held on different days in the different states between October 31 and November 5. Voters in the northern states supported John Quincy Adams. Andrew Jackson won the South. Historian Daniel Feller says Southerners did not seem bothered by opponents' fears that Jackson was mentally unstable and believed he should have unlimited power.

1828年的总统竞选在10月31日和11月5日，不同的天不同的洲开展。在北方洲的选民支持约翰.昆西.亚当斯（John Quincy Adams）。安德鲁.杰克逊（Andrew.Jackson）赢得了南部。历史学家丹尼尔.菲尔（Daniel.Feller）说道南方者似乎丝毫没有被竞争者说担心杰克逊精神不稳定所打扰到，并且相信他应该有无穷的力量。

"They were much more compelled by the image of this great man of the people — exactly why they thought that is not clear — but, this great man of the people and also this great man on horseback, the Hero of New Orleans."

“他在人们心中伟大的男人形象更多地驱使着人们-准确的原因人们想的是不清晰的-但是，这个伟大的人的人民，并且和这个在马背上的伟大男人，是新奥尔良（New Orleans）的英雄。

Even President Adams recognized that Jackson was extremely well-liked.

甚至总统亚当斯（Adams）有意识到杰克逊（Jackson）是十分受欢迎的。

"John Quincy Adams wrote in his diary years before the election that in a popularity contest, in a political contest, no man could stand against the Hero of New Orleans."

“约翰.昆西.亚当斯（John Quincy Adams）在他的日记里写道，在大选前，人气的竞选中，政治性的竞选中，没有人可以与新奥尔良（New Orleans）的英雄抗争。”

When the electoral votes were counted, Andrew Jackson received 178. President Adams received only 83.

选举人票计数，安德鲁.杰克逊（Andrew Jackson）是178票。总统亚当斯(Adams)仅83票

Rachel Jackson was proud of her husband. But she was not happy about the life she would have to lead as first lady. And her health seemed to be suffering. "For Mr. Jackson's sake," she said, "I am glad. For my own part, I never wished it."

雷切尔.杰克逊(Rachel Jackson)为他的丈夫感到自豪。但是她关于以后要不得不作为第一夫人去领导并不开心。并且她的健康状况不太好。”“为了杰克逊，”她说，“我十分开心。就我而言，我从来没有希望它。”

Nevertheless, the couple prepared to move to Washington. There was little time for Rachel to rest.

然而，夫妇准备转移到华盛顿。雷切尔（Rachel）几乎没有时间休息。

Then, just a few days before the Jacksons were to move, two doctors were called to the Jackson home. They found Rachel in great pain. She seemed to be having a heart attack.

接着，在杰克逊夫妇准备离开前的几天，两位医生被召唤到杰克逊夫妇的家中。他们发现雷切尔身受剧痛。她似乎心脏病发作。

After a day or so, she appeared to be better. She was able to sit up and talk with friends. But her mind was still troubled about the years ahead in Washington. "I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of God," she said, "than to dwell in that palace in Washington."

大约过了一天，她似乎好多了。她可以站起来，并且与朋友聊天。但是她心里一直对以后在华盛顿的即将到来的生活担忧。“我宁愿是神殿的看门人，”她说道，“也比呆在华盛顿的宫殿里好。”

In December of 1828, a few nights before Christmas, Rachel was sitting in a chair. Her husband had already gone to sleep. Suddenly, Rachel cried out and fell to the floor. The servants screamed. Jackson ran to the room, picked Rachel up and carried her to the bed. But he could see that life had already left her.

1828年的12月，在圣诞节的前几个晚上，雷切尔（Rachel）正坐在椅子上。她的丈夫已经准备去睡觉。突然，雷切尔叫喊了一声，并瘫倒在了地面上。仆人们尖叫。杰克逊（Jackson）跑到了房间，把雷切尔(Rachel)扶起，把她抱到了床上。但是他发现她已经死了。

Witnesses said Jackson continued to sit next to her, holding his head in his hands.

目击者说杰克逊（Jackson）连续6个小时坐在她的旁边，把他的头放在她的手上。

Rachel was buried two days later. Ten thousand people went to the funeral. The Reverend William Hume spoke of Rachel Jackson's life. He talked of her kindness and humility. And he told how she had been upset about the personal accusations against her during the election campaign.

雷切尔（Rachel）两天后埋葬了。1万的人们参加了葬礼。教士威廉.休谟（William Hume）谈到了雷切尔.杰克逊(Rachel Jackson)的一生。他谈到了她的善良和谦卑。并且他谈到了她在竞选活动期间因个人谴责而觉得苦恼。

Jackson believed those accusations were a cause of Rachel's death. His anger is expressed on the stone above Rachel's grave. One line of the inscription says, "A being so gentle and so virtuous, slander might wound but could not dishonor."

杰克逊(Jackson)相信那些指责是雷切尔死亡的原因。他的气愤表达在了雷切尔坟墓的墓碑上。其中一行铭文写道，“一个如此温和，善良的人，诽谤可能伤害到她，但是不可能玷污到她。”

At that time, Andrew Jackson was 61 years old. He was a tall, thin man. His long face was wrinkled. Most portraits of him show a great mass of messy hair pushed back from his high forehead.

在那时，安德鲁.杰克逊61岁。他是一个高大，瘦削的男人。他的长长的脸布满了皱纹。他的绝大多数的肖像显示出一大堆蓬乱的头发从后面推到他的高高的额头。

Jackson's health had never really been good. He carried in his body two bullets from duels fought years before. But he was a tough man with a spirit strong enough to keep moving, even when he was grieving.

杰克逊的健康从来没有真正好过。之前，他的身体在决斗中过两颗子弹。但是他是一个坚强的男人，有着足够强大的精神去驱使他前进，甚至当他伤心的时候。

He left for Washington, DC in January 1829. A huge crowd was gathering there to greet him. They would create one of the wildest inaugural celebrations in American history.

在1829年他前往了华盛顿。一大群的人们聚集在一起欢迎他的到来。他们将会是美国历史上，创造的其中一个最疯狂的就职活动庆典

And that will be our story next week.

下一周我们将会谈论到这个疯狂的就职庆典活动。

I'm Steve Ember, inviting you to join next time for The Making of a Nation — American history from VOA Learning English.

我是史蒂夫.安倍（Steve Ember）,欢迎你参加下一次的建国之史这个节目-来自美国之音学习英语的美国历史模块。