VOA慢速英语2018--US Timekeeping Stations Might Go Silent

 

Three radio stations in the United States mainly broadcast one thing: the official time.

The three are radio stations WWV and WWVB, in the state of Colorado, and WWVH, on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. They send out signals that are used by millions of clocks and other time-keeping instruments around the country.

The federal government launched the service shortly after World War II.

WWV, WWVB and WWVH are part of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, or NIST.

Still needed or important addition to satellites?

Don Sullivan headed the timekeeping stations for NIST from 1994 to 2005. He warned that, “If you shut down these stations, you turn off all those clocks.”

Yet the administration of President Donald Trump¹ has offered a plan to close them down. Experts argue that they are no longer needed. They say the government’s Global Positioning System (GPS) also transmits time signals. The GPS is made up of satellites orbiting high above the Earth. Its signals are able to be received all over the world.

Some users, however, disagree. They note that GPS connected devices must have an unobstructed view of a number of satellites to work correctly. Whenever the signal is blocked, the devices are unable to keep the correct time.

Sullivan told VOA that land-transmitted radio signals are different.

“Sixty kilohertz permeates² in a way GPS can’t,” he said.

Sullivan said that WWVB’s very low frequency signal can be received inside buildings. He added that the radio service helps to back-up the GPS system.

WWV and WWVH broadcast on a number of shortwave frequencies, which can be heard in many parts of the world. The stations use an extremely accurate atomic clock to keep the official time.

The Trump administration has asked Congress to cut about $26.6 million and 136 jobs from NIST’s budget. That amount includes the cost of operating the timekeeping stations.

The budget request, however, does say that broadcasts not only are used by clocks and watches, but also by appliances, cameras and irrigation controllers.

A very old station

WWV is perhaps the oldest continuously operating radio station in the United States. It started broadcasting in Washington, D.C. in 1919. In its early years, it played music, sent out news reports from the Agriculture Department and carried out shortwave propagation experiments.

The station later moved to Maryland and then, in 1966, to Colorado.

It has been used as a frequency standard since 1922 and has broadcast the official time since 1944.

In addition to the time, WWV transmits a musical note, A above middle C, at two minutes past every hour. It has done this since 1936. The note can be used by musicians to tune³ their instruments anywhere in the country.

Sullivan says all three radio stations remain popular around the world.

WWV and WWVH broadcasts also are available on the telephone. NIST says they get about 2,000 calls every day from people who want to set their clocks.

Tom Kelly is a radio operator in the state of Oregon. He has launched a campaign to get 100,000 Americans to sign a document in support of the radio stations. He calls the stations “an instrumental part in the telecommunications field” for scientific research and education.

I’m Mario Ritter.

Words in This Story

shut – v. to close

accurate – adj. free from mistakes or errors

transmit – v. to send in the form of electrical signals to a radio, television or computer

permeates – v. to pass or spread through something

frequency – n. the number of times a sound or radio wave is repeated in a period of time

appliance – n. a machine that is powered by electricity and that is used in people’s houses to perform a certain job

irrigation – n. describing a system to supply water using man-made means (for agriculture)

standard – n. a fixed⁴ official unit of measurement

propagation – n. the act of causing to spread out

tune – v. to change and improve the sound of a musical instrument

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 permeates   

弥漫( permeate的第三人称单数 )； 遍布； 渗入； 渗透

参考例句：

• Studies show that water vapor quickly permeates plastic packaging material. 研究证明水蒸汽能迅速渗入塑料封装材料。
• Democracy permeates the whole country. 民主主义（的思想）普及全国。

3 tune   

n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整

参考例句：

• He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
• The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

4 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。