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VOA教育报道2023--US Boys Graduate High School at Lower Rates Than Girls

时间:2023-12-06 03:25来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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US Boys Graduate High School at Lower Rates Than Girls

The U.S. government does not require states to report graduation rates by a student's sex. But in every state reporting high school graduation rates by gender1, research shows female students graduate at higher rates than male students.

A report from the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., found that, in 37 states reporting the data, more than 45,000 fewer boys than girls graduated high school in 2018.

Richard Reeves was one of the writers of the report from 2021. He said that about 88 percent of girls graduated on time compared with 82 percent of boys that year. A follow up study in 2021 found the difference in graduation between girls and boys in 28 states was six percent. This difference is not just limited to the United States.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) measures education data in many countries. Among 38 member countries, including most of North America, South America and Europe, more girls graduate high school than boys.

In 2020, the average graduation rate for girls in OECD countries was 86 percent for girls, but 79 percent for boys. Just two countries that provided data to OECD, the Czech Republic and South Korea, had a higher graduation rate for boys.

OECD's Program for International Student Assessment2 (PISA) measures student knowledge and skills in mathematics, reading, and science at age 15. Eighty-five countries take PISA. OECD information shows that girls mostly perform better in reading than boys. Boys perform better in science and math.

Gender gap

The difference between graduation rates for girls and boys in the U.S. is being called a "gender gap." Few people talk about it and reports suggest that schools have done little to deal with the issue. But some schools have found ways to fight it.

The city of Yonkers, New York, raised graduation rates for minority boys through support such as mentoring3. Former Superintendent4 Edwin Quezada said dealing5 with the difference between races in graduation rates was useful toward understanding the gender gap, which was seven percentage points in 2022.

Boys are sent to special education at higher rates than girls in early grades and are suspended at higher rates throughout school. That can all result in not graduating on time, Quezada said.

Schools in the city of Buffalo6, New York, have included efforts from My Brother's Keeper. That was the program started by former President Barack Obama to help boys succeed in school. Buffalo also has provided mentoring to male students and hired more men to teach, spokesman7 Jeffrey Hammond said. Still, the urban school district reported a 10-percentage-point difference between female and male graduation rates in 2022 and an 11-point gap in 2021.

"Girls nationally succeed in school over boys because they are more apt8 to plan ahead (and) set academic goals," Hammond wrote in an email. He said girls receive fewer school suspensions9, showing they are more likely to follow rules and receive more instruction from teachers.

Only 10 states that report graduation rates by gender also measure it by race. That makes it difficult to understand how race influences the graduation gender gap. But Reeves found some important differences in his latest study in the five largest states that do report graduation by race. He found that the difference between the graduation rate of Black girls and Black boys was much larger than the difference between white girls and white boys or Asian girls and Asian boys.

This year, Reeves left the Brookings Institution to start the American Institute for Boys and Men. It is a nonprofit group that says it aims to improve men's lives.

Graduation gap

The graduation gap is also linked to what observers call a success gap between students from wealthy and poor families. But the reasons for the difference between boys and girls are not clear.

Discussions with students, educators and researchers point to several influences. Men can earn the same pay as women with less education. But boys also are more likely to be suspended or face other forms of discipline and punishment. And they do not seek treatment as often as girls do when they face mental health problems.

Some boys are fine when they first drop out of school, finding jobs with good pay. But over the long term, not graduating from high school can hold men back. Studies show young men who drop out of high school earn less money over their lifetimes and are more likely to end up in jail.

In some cases, boys are not as interested in graduating as girls because they have not needed a high school degree to pay for rent and food, said Beth Jarosz. She is with the nonprofit research organization PRB. A man without a high school diploma often earns as much as a woman who has completed a year or two of college, she said.

Words in This Story

graduation –n. the act of being recognized for completing a course of study at a school, college or university

gender –n. the state of being male or female

gap — n. a difference between one thing and another; a space between two things

discipline — n. the use of rules and punishment to shape behavior to meet certain requirements

apt — adj. likely to do something

academic –adj. related to schools and education; not related to the real world

rent –n. a regular payment for a place to live, which is not owned by the payee

diploma –n. a document that


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
2 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
3 mentoring 927b67a2488cee0c1ff61a0b43695f30     
n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识,并用心支持mentee的职业(发展)。v.(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
  • Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网
4 superintendent vsTwV     
n.监督人,主管,总监;(英国)警务长
参考例句:
  • He was soon promoted to the post of superintendent of Foreign Trade.他很快就被擢升为对外贸易总监。
  • He decided to call the superintendent of the building.他决定给楼房管理员打电话。
5 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
6 buffalo 1Sby4     
n.(北美)野牛;(亚洲)水牛
参考例句:
  • Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
  • The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。
7 spokesman hvrwH     
n.发言人,代言人
参考例句:
  • The government spokesman gave a quick briefing to the reporters.政府发言人向记者们作了情况简介。
  • They drew lots to decide who should be their spokesman.他们抽签决定谁是他们的发言人。
8 apt nvtzn     
adj.易于,有...倾向,恰当的,聪明的
参考例句:
  • Beginners are too apt to make mistakes in grammar.初学者极易犯语法错误。
  • He is the most apt of all pupils.他是所有学生中最聪明的一个。
9 suspensions 04c45fac9ad995045d023f15550345eb     
n.悬( suspension的名词复数 );悬架;暂停;悬浮液
参考例句:
  • The two players are appealing against their suspensions. 这两名运动员请求取消对他们的停赛处罚。
  • In 1972, International Harvester, Ford, Chrysler, General Motors and Volvo applied for suspensions. 1972年,国际收割机械公司、福特汽车公司、克莱斯勒汽车公司、通用汽车公司和沃尔沃汽车公司都申请了缓期。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
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