VOA日常语法2023--Grammar and Cleaning, Part 2

Grammar and Cleaning, Part 2

Cleaning is one of those activities that we have to do. But what kinds of words and structures do we use to talk about this common activity?

In today's Everyday Grammar, we will explore a few ways to talk about cleaning. This lesson builds on the ideas of a recent lesson that explored verbs and objects.

Today we will explore phrasal verbs that connect to cleaning.

Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are groups of words. They include a verb and another short word or words. Together, these groups of words take on a different meaning from what the individual words suggest.

There are many phrasal verbs in English. But we only use a small number of these when we talk about cleaning.

In this lesson, we will explore three phrasal verbs that connect with cleaning. All of them involve the short word "up."

The phrasal verbs are "clean up," "pick up," and "wash up." Let's explore each of these in turn.

Clean up

"Clean up" has a few closely¹ related² meanings. It means to remove dirt or waste. It also means to make a room clean and orderly³.

"Clean up" comes in a few different forms. Sometimes we use clean up without a noun⁴ or noun phrase after it, as in:

"Let's take some time to clean up."

But we often use a noun or noun phrase with clean up, as in "clean up something."

So, you might say:

"I need to clean up the kitchen."

Or,

"He needs to clean up his room."

In our example, the noun phrases "the kitchen" and "his room" come after the phrasal verb.

But you should know that sometimes we use the noun or noun phrase in between "clean" and the short word "up," as in "clean something up."

So, you might hear a person say:

"She needs to clean this mess up."

You might be worried about these two forms – the one in which the noun or noun phrase comes in the middle of the phrasal verb and the one in which the noun or noun phrase comes after it.

The good news is that your meaning will still be understood regardless of which form you choose.

In other words, these two statements have the same basic meaning in most situations:

"She needs to clean this mess up."

And,

"She needs to clean up this mess."

Pick up

Our second phrasal verb is "pick up." "Pick up" has a few different meanings in different situations. But when we are talking about cleaning, we use it to mean the action of lifting something from the floor, ground, or other low surface.

Once again, we use "pick up" with a noun or noun phrase. And just like "clean up," "pick up" can have the noun phrase come after the phrasal verb or in the middle of the phrasal verb.

So, you might hear a person say:

"Could you pick up those toys?"

Or,

"Could you pick those toys up?"

Once again, the two forms have the same meaning although the grammar — the noun phrase placement — is a little different.

Here is another example. Imagine a situation in which a little baby has thrown some toys on the ground. A person might say:

"I will pick up the toys."

Or,

"I will pick the toys up."

Wash up

Our final phrasal verb is "wash up."

When we talk about cleaning, we generally use "wash up" in the sense of washing your hands, face, or dishes.

So, you might hear a person say:

"I need to wash up before we go to the concert."

Or,

"We need to wash up the dishes before we go to bed."

The ending is important

An important point about phrasal verbs. The short word at the end of the phrasal verb determines the meaning. So, by paying careful attention to the short word or words, you will improve your ability to use the correct phrasal verb at the right time.

That is why we chose to use phrasal verbs only with "up" for this lesson. Now, whenever you talk about cleaning, you will remember that you can use several phrasal verbs that end in "up," - clean up, pick up, and wash up.

Words in This Story

phrase – n. a group of two or more words that express a single idea but do not usually form a complete sentence

regardless – adv. without being affected⁵ by (something)

determine – v. to establish (something) exactly; to be the cause of or reason for (something)

1 closely   

adv.紧密地；严密地，密切地

参考例句：

• We shall follow closely the development of the situation.我们将密切注意形势的发展。
• The two companies are closely tied up with each other.这两家公司之间有密切联系。

2 related   

adj.有关系的，有关联的，叙述的，讲述的

参考例句：

• I am not related to him in any way.我和他无任何关系。
• We spent days going through all related reference material.我们花了好多天功夫查阅所有有关的参考资料。

3 orderly   

adj.有秩序的，整齐的，一丝不苟的，和平的；adv.有秩序地，有条理地，依次地；n.勤务兵，（医院的）勤务工

参考例句：

• It's an orderly room.这是个整洁的房间。
• The books are in orderly rows on shelves.书籍整齐地排列在书架上。

4 noun   

n.名词

参考例句：

• What kind of noun is this?这是哪类名词？
• This word is a collective noun.这个词是个集体名词。

5 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。