过多的日光照射会引起皮肤黑肿瘤

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23 过多的日光照射会引起皮肤黑肿瘤

DATE=5-17-01
TITLE=SCIENCE REPORT - Melanoma and the Sun
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach

（Start at 59" ）This is Bill White with the VOA Special English Science Report.
When the weather is warm and sunny, people around the world spend more time outside. However, doctors have been warning for years that being in the sun for too long can burn the skin.  It can also cause more serious health problems, including skin cancer.
The World Health Organization says two- hundred- thousand cases of the most serious kind of skin (1)cancer, （2）malignant¹ melanoma, develop each year. More than fifty- thousand Americans are expected to develop（3）melanoma this year. The American Cancer Society says almost eight- thousand Americans will die from the disease² this year.
Malignant melanoma begins in body cells that produce a brown color.  It usually first grows in a small dark area of skin called a （4）mole³.  Melanoma most often is recognized as a dark area with an unusual shape.
An operation to remove the cancerous cells can cure melanoma if the cancer has not spread.  Doctors treat melanoma that has spread with chemotherapy.  The drugs kill any cancer cells that were not removed in the operation.  Radiation also may be used to kill cancerous cells and reduce the size of any cancerous growths.
The five-year survival⁴ rate for melanoma that has spread to the （5）lymph （6）nodes is thirty to forty percent.  It is only twelve percent if the cancer has spread to other organs.
Doctors say too much sunlight can cause melanoma.  This is (7) especially true for people who have light skin and were burned by the sun when they were young.  Some people are more likely than others to develop melanoma.  These include people whose family members had the disease.  They also include people who have a large number of moles⁵ on their bodies.
Doctors say people should always protect their skin from sunlight. They should wear a hat and protective⁶ clothing.  They should use a sun protection liquid.  Doctors also say everyone should examine their bodies often for any changes in moles or the presence⁷ of new ones.  They should go to a doctor if any mole has an unusual shape or if it has several different colors.  Another warning sign of melanoma is a mole that is larger than six (8) millimeters⁸ across.
This VOA Special English Science Report was written by Nancy Steinbach.

注释：
(1)  cancer[ 5kAnsE ]n.癌, 毒瘤
(2) malignant[ mE5li^nEnt ]adj.恶性的
(3) melanoma[ 7melE5nEumE ]n.[医](恶性)黑素瘤,(良性)胎记瘤
(4) mole[ mEul ]n.[医]胎块, [动]鼹鼠, 防波堤
(5) lymph[ limf ]n.[医]淋巴腺, 淋巴
(6) node[ nEud ]n.节点
(7) especially[ is5peFEli ]adv.特别, 尤其
(8) millimeter[5mIlImi:tE(r)]n.毫米

1 malignant   

adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的

参考例句：

• Alexander got a malignant slander.亚历山大受到恶意的诽谤。
• He started to his feet with a malignant glance at Winston.他爬了起来，不高兴地看了温斯顿一眼。

2 disease   

n.疾病，弊端

参考例句：

• The doctors are trying to stamp out the disease.医生正在尽力消灭这种疾病。
• He fought against the disease for a long time.他同疾病做了长时间的斗争。

3 mole   

n.胎块；痣；克分子

参考例句：

• She had a tiny mole on her cheek.她的面颊上有一颗小黑痣。
• The young girl felt very self- conscious about the large mole on her chin.那位年轻姑娘对自己下巴上的一颗大痣感到很不自在。

4 survival   

n.留住生命，生存，残存，幸存者

参考例句：

• The doctor told my wife I had a fifty-fifty chance of survival.医生告诉我的妻子，说我活下去的可能性只有50%。
• The old man was a survival of a past age.这位老人是上一代的遗老。

5 moles   

防波堤( mole的名词复数 )； 鼹鼠； 痣； 间谍

参考例句：

• Unsightly moles can be removed surgically. 不雅观的痣可以手术去除。
• Two moles of epoxy react with one mole of A-1100. 两个克分子环氧与一个克分子A－1100反应。

6 protective   

adj.防护的，保护的

参考例句：

• A mother naturally feels protective towards her children.做母亲的天生要保护自己的孩子。
• We feel safe with a protective device in the house.我们因为家里有了防护装置而感到安全。

7 presence   

n.出席；到场；存在

参考例句：

• Her presence lent an air of respectability to the occasion.她的到场使那种场合增添了崇高的气氛。
• His presence is indicative of his willingness to help.他的出席表示他愿意帮忙。

8 millimeters   

n.毫米( millimeter的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The creature is a tiny centipede, just 10 millimeters long. 那个生物是一只很小的蜈蚣，只有10毫米长。 来自辞典例句
• This machine part was built to a tolerance of 0.01 millimeters. 这一机器部件的制造公差是0.01毫米。 来自辞典例句