243 印尼军方改革整顿

243 印尼军方改革整顿

Indonesian Military's Actions Examined
Stephanie Mann
Washington
26 Jul 2001 01:29 UTC

Indonesia's military is going through a period of reform trying to become more professional and less involved in politics. Local 1)analysts have praised the army for not staging a coup¹ as public 2)discontent grew in recent weeks, but instead supporting parliament and the People's Consultative Assembly, even as politicians moved to oust² President Wahid.
Yet the army's actions had explicit³ political 3)consequences. Mr. Wahid was removed from office and Vice⁴ President Megawati was 4)elevated to the presidency⁵.
Donald Emmerson, a specialist on Indonesian politics at Stanford University, says the army was clearly dissatisfied with Mr. Wahid's performance as president. "Their relationship with the president had severely⁶ 5)deteriorated. From their point of view, he had 6)interfered in internal military matters, hiring and firing, promoting, parachuting people that he felt were liberals that would focus on reform to the 7)detriment of the 8)integrity of the army as an institution," he said.
"It's really quite amazing. He managed essentially⁸ to 9)alienate 10)virtually all of the major sources of potential support that he might have enjoyed both on the civilian⁹ side, I would say, and certainly on the military side," said Mr. Emmerson.
Professor of Indonesian politics at George Washington University, Alasdair Bowie, says the army wants a president who looks favorably on its 11)priorities. "Those priorities include holding the nation together, not granting independence or a great degree of autonomy to provinces like Aceh. And at the same time, they want to protect their leaders from prosecution¹⁰ for human rights abuses and for fostering militias¹¹ in various parts of Indonesia - the Malukus, East Timor and West Timor," said Prof. Bowie.
Mr. Bowie says Megawati Sukarnoputri is likely to be a relatively¹² weak leader, someone the army probably sees as a president who will not interfere⁷ with their objectives.
Professor Emmerson agrees. He says President Megawati, as a nationalist who wants to keep the nation together, will ease fears within the army that the government would grant independence to other territories as it did for East Timor. "They do see themselves even now after all of the 12)depredations they've committed, the 13)atrocities in which they have been involved, nevertheless they maintain this 14)ideology of protecting the integrity of the nation. So," he said, "it's convenient for them to say they're acting¹³ in the national interest, but in fact the practical consequences of what they're doing is to further the elevation¹⁴ of Megawati into power."
Jeffrey Winters, a specialist in Indonesian politics at Northwestern University in Chicago, was in Jakarta during the crisis that culminated¹⁵ in the 15)removal of Mr. Wahid, whose popular name is Gus Dur. He says it's not easy to know exactly what the army's 16)motive was in ignoring Gus Dur's orders and supporting the assembly, called the MPR. But Professor Winters says the army's public statements all seemed to 17)underscore the military's new efforts at professionalization.
They claim that their role is to 18)safeguard the 19)constitution, to safeguard the procedures, and to uphold the decisions of the highest constitutional body, the MPR. That's what they did. And there were instances in recent weeks and months where the president, former president Gus Dur, tried for example to freeze the legislature, tried various things, tried to change officials that he didn't have the power to change, and the military didn't back him on these issues. So, it's hard to call exactly what their motives¹⁶ are, but one thing is clear. They're trying at least in their view to act in a constitutional way.
Professor Emmerson says while the army may have been helpful in bringing down Mr. Wahid, it was really politicians - the head of parliament and the assembly, and others - who deserve the 20)credit. He says the military leadership, by sitting back and not acting, allowed the politicans the space to act in a new 21)bold way for Indonesia, and to move the process that led to a change in the presidency.

(1) analyst[5AnElIst]n.分析家, 分解者
(2) discontent[dIskEn5tent]n.不满
(3) consequence[5kRnsIkwEns; (?@) 5kRnsIkwens]n.结果, [逻]推理, 推论
(4) elevate[5elIveIt]vt.举起, 提拔, 振奋, 提升...的职位
(5) deteriorate[dI5tIErIEreIt]v.(使)恶化
(6) interfere[IntE5fIE(r)]vi.干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰
(7) detriment[5detrImEnt]n.损害, 损害物
(8) integrity[In5te^rItI]n.正直, 诚实, 完整, 完全, 完整性
(9) alienate[5eIlIEneIt]v.疏远
(10) virtually[5v:tjJElI]adv.事实上, 实质上
(11) priority[praI5RrItI; (?@) -C:r-]n.先, 前, 优先, 优先权
(12) depredation[deprI5deIF(E)n]n.掠夺, 破坏痕迹
(13) atrocity[E5trRsItI]n.残暴, 暴行, 凶恶
(14) ideology[aIdI5RlEdVI]n.意识形态
(15) removal[rI5mu:v(E)l]n.移动, 免职, 切除
(16) motive[5mEJtIv]n.动机, 目的adj.发动的, 运动的
(17) underscore[ 9QndE`skR:(r) ]vt.划线于...下, 强调n.底线
(18) safeguard[5seIfgB:d]vt.维护, 保护, 捍卫n.安全装置, 安全措施
(19) constitution[kRnstI5tju:F(E)n]n.宪法, 构造, 体质, 国体
(20) credit[5kredIt]n.信任, 信用, 声望, 荣誉vt.相信,把...归给
(21) bold[bEJld]adj.大胆的n.粗体

 

1 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

2 oust   

vt.剥夺，取代，驱逐

参考例句：

• The committee wanted to oust him from the union.委员会想把他从工会中驱逐出去。
• The leaders have been ousted from power by nationalists.这些领导人被民族主义者赶下了台。

3 explicit   

adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的

参考例句：

• She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
• He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。

4 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

5 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

6 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

7 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

8 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

9 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

10 prosecution   

n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营

参考例句：

• The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。
• He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

11 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

12 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

13 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

14 elevation   

n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高

参考例句：

• The house is at an elevation of 2,000 metres.那幢房子位于海拔两千米的高处。
• His elevation to the position of General Manager was announced yesterday.昨天宣布他晋升总经理职位。

15 culminated   

v.达到极点( culminate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• a gun battle which culminated in the death of two police officers 一场造成两名警察死亡的枪战
• The gala culminated in a firework display. 晚会以大放烟火告终。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 motives   

n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
• His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。