美洲—美军用“场面浸入式”方法提高部队作战经验

US Army Immerses Troops in Battlefield Experiences

美军用“场面浸入式”方法提高部队作战经验

 

The U.S. Army is using a new training concept as it prepares troops to go to Iraq and Afghanistan. It is called 'Theater Immersion¹,' and it is designed to give the soldiers a series of experiences that mirror, as closely as possible, what they will face on the battlefield. The effort is headquartered at Camp Shelby in the southern state of Mississippi.

 

Army trainer and Iraq veteran Sergeant² First Class Dwayne Winstead huddles⁴ with visitors in a Humvee.

 

Dwayne Winstead：We are going to go on a simulated convoy⁵ route. They will encounter different insurgents⁷, ambushes⁹. They'll have to take appropriate actions, return fire, and basically make it to the end of the convoy safely.

 

Nearby, several more of the military vehicles are gathered with National Guard soldiers from Wisconsin inside. In a few weeks, they will deploy¹⁰ to Iraq.

 

On this day, they get their orders and move out along a dirt road. But before long they stop abruptly¹¹ near what the military calls an IED, an improvised¹³ explosive device, the most deadly weapon used by insurgents in Iraq.

 

Winstead: Right now what they are doing is, the front vehicle has spotted¹⁴ an IED, which is what we simulate, a pile of rocks or a disturbance¹⁵ in the road, and it is up around the bend up there. We have actually got two piles, one on each side. They like to set two. So right now what they are doing is they are calling in the reports to higher elements.

 

They get their answer -- take a different route around the suspected bomb and take up a position on higher ground to secure the area and wait for the bomb disposal squad¹⁶. But at that higher position, they are exposed to enemy fire.

 

The soldiers respond, lying on the ground and firing real bullets at insurgent⁶ targets and vehicles made of wood that pop up just across a small valley. Automated¹⁷ devices fire blanks back at them.

 

When the trainers conclude that the soldiers have defeated the enemy, they move on. At their next position, the same thing happens. This time, they fire until they are out of bullets and the exercise ends.

 

The idea is to put the soldiers through such experiences as many times as possible, so they know how to react and stay alive.

 

Winstead: A lot of them do not understand what the elements are out in Iraq. It is the whole concept actually getting in a convoy, staying together, and actually searching around and looking for things out of the ordinary.

 

Everyone has a job to do, including constantly scanning the area and maintaining communications with the other vehicles in the convoy, and their headquarters.

 

Later, at an 'After Action Review,' they are greeted by another trainer, Sergeant Chad Williams.

 

Chad Williams: All right, what did we have to make corrections on?

 

The trainers are constantly seeking to identify what the military calls 'lessons learned.' Sgt. Williams thinks the unit spent too much time sitting near the roadside bomb waiting for orders on what to do.

 

Williams: Me, myself, I would have called them and let them know I was taking that alternate route，because if you sit there, you are just a 'sitting duck' [easy target].

 

This exercise had an extra twist. The unit's commander decided¹⁸ to put one of the most junior soldiers in charge. Nineteen-year-old Private Kylie Gilson is proud of how he led the group through the series of challenges.

 

Gilson：I think we did pretty good. We had good communication between the vehicles. We practiced. We knew what we were going to do. Train how you fight. Fight how you train. The more practice we get, the better off we'll be.

 

And Sergeant Williams agrees.

 

Williams: I think they did a great job. Based on the tasks that they were given to perform, they did a great job.

 

The training sergeant leaves the unit with this advice.

 

Sergeant: Stay alert, stay alive, guys. Take care.

 

This training, which takes at least three months to complete, was developed last year to improve the preparation of U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard troops going to Iraq and Afghanistan. The Reserve and Guard are part-time soldiers, who usually get minimal¹⁹ training and need extra attention when they are called up for combat duty.

 

One of the senior training officers, Lieutenant²⁰ Colonel Bill Wolfarth, says by the time they leave Camp Shelby they're ready to perform in the world's most dangerous places alongside regular army units.

 

Wolfarth: Just as good, and in some cases better. And I can say that, I think, very honestly. They become not just confident, but they become comfortable.

 

They become comfortable in the simulations, and they are confident. Twenty-two-year old sergeant Roger Hackman:

 

Roger Hackman: We are ready for it in all aspects. We have been trained on what we need to do. How we need to handle whatever situation comes. My favorite military saying that they came up with is 'Adapt and Overcome.' Anything that happens, we are ready for it. We will face it. We will take it on. We will adapt. We will overcome.

 

These soldiers will have to depend on that attitude and Camp Shelby's 'Theater Immersion' training program to see them through the dangers of Iraq during the next year.

 

Al Pessin, VOA news, at Camp Shelby, Mississippi.

 

注释:

immerse [i5mE:s] vt. 沉浸，浸入

battlefield [5bAt(E)lfi:ld] n. 战场

a series of 一连串的

huddle³ [5hQdl] v. 拥挤

simulate [5simjuleit] vt. 模拟

convoy [5kCnvCi] n. 护送

encounter [in5kauntE] v. 遭遇

insurgent [in5sE:dVEnt] adj. 起义的

ambush⁸ [5AmbuF] n. 埋伏

improvise¹² [5imprEvaiz] v. 临时准备

bomb disposal squad 排雷小队

alternate route 替代径路

alongside [E5lCN5said] adv. 在旁

1 immersion   

n.沉浸；专心

参考例句：

• The dirt on the bottom of the bath didn't encourage total immersion.浴缸底有污垢，不宜全身浸泡于其中。
• The wood had become swollen from prolonged immersion.因长时间浸泡，木头发胀了。

2 sergeant   

n.警官，中士

参考例句：

• His elder brother is a sergeant.他哥哥是个警官。
• How many stripes are there on the sleeve of a sergeant?陆军中士的袖子上有多少条纹？

3 huddle   

vi.挤作一团；蜷缩；vt.聚集；n.挤在一起的人

参考例句：

• They like living in a huddle.他们喜欢杂居在一起。
• The cold wind made the boy huddle inside his coat.寒风使这个男孩卷缩在他的外衣里。

4 huddles   

（尤指杂乱地）挤在一起的人（或物品、建筑）( huddle的名词复数 )； （美式足球）队员靠拢（磋商战术）

参考例句：

• The little girl huddles herself up. 小女孩把身子缩成一团。
• The child huddles down in the bed, listening to the sound of the storm. 孩子听到雷雨声，就在床上缩成了一团。

5 convoy   

vt.护送，护卫，护航；n.护送；护送队

参考例句：

• The convoy was snowed up on the main road.护送队被大雪困在干路上了。
• Warships will accompany the convoy across the Atlantic.战舰将护送该船队过大西洋。

6 insurgent   

adj.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子

参考例句：

• Faruk says they are threatened both by insurgent and government forces.法鲁克说，他们受到暴乱分子和政府军队的双重威胁。
• The insurgent mob assembled at the gate of the city park.叛变的暴徒聚在市立公园的门口。

7 insurgents   

n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The regular troops of Baden joined the insurgents. 巴登的正规军参加到起义军方面来了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Against the Taliban and Iraqi insurgents, these problems are manageable. 要对付塔利班与伊拉克叛乱分子，这些问题还是可以把握住的。 来自互联网

8 ambush   

n.埋伏(地点)；伏兵；v.埋伏；伏击

参考例句：

• Our soldiers lay in ambush in the jungle for the enemy.我方战士埋伏在丛林中等待敌人。
• Four men led by a sergeant lay in ambush at the crossroads.由一名中士率领的四名士兵埋伏在十字路口。

9 ambushes   

n.埋伏( ambush的名词复数 )；伏击；埋伏着的人；设埋伏点v.埋伏( ambush的第三人称单数 )；埋伏着

参考例句：

• He was a specialist in ambushes, he said, and explained his tactics. 他说自己是埋伏战斗方面的专家，并讲述了他的战术。 来自互联网
• It makes ambushes rather fun. 它使得埋伏战术非常有趣。 来自互联网

10 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

11 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

12 improvise   

v.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成

参考例句：

• If an actor forgets his words，he has to improvise.演员要是忘记台词，那就只好即兴现编。
• As we've not got the proper materials,we'll just have to improvise.我们没有弄到合适的材料，只好临时凑合了。

13 improvised   

a.即席而作的,即兴的

参考例句：

• He improvised a song about the football team's victory. 他即席创作了一首足球队胜利之歌。
• We improvised a tent out of two blankets and some long poles. 我们用两条毛毯和几根长竿搭成一个临时帐蓬。

14 spotted   

adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的

参考例句：

• The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
• Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。

15 disturbance   

n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调

参考例句：

• He is suffering an emotional disturbance.他的情绪受到了困扰。
• You can work in here without any disturbance.在这儿你可不受任何干扰地工作。

16 squad   

n.班，小队，小团体；vt.把…编成班或小组

参考例句：

• The squad leader ordered the men to mark time.班长命令战士们原地踏步。
• A squad is the smallest unit in an army.班是军队的最小构成单位。

17 automated   

a.自动化的

参考例句：

• The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
• Automated Highway System (AHS) is recently regarded as one subsystem of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). 近年来自动公路系统(Automated Highway System,AHS)，作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。

18 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

19 minimal   

adj.尽可能少的，最小的

参考例句：

• They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。
• I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal.我住在朋友家，所以我的花费很小。

20 lieutenant   

n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员

参考例句：

• He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
• He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官，递上了一张简短的便条进去。