VOA标准英语2010年-Indonesian Volcano Grounds Planes; Eva

Thousands of Indonesians forced from their homes because of Mount Merapi's continued eruptions² are restless to leave the evacuation shelters. And the volcano's ash clouds now are forcing airlines to cancel some flights.
A week after Indonesia's most active volcano began shooting searing gas clouds from its crater³, restless evacuees⁴ say they are tired of living in hot, cramped⁵ shelters. But repeated explosions signal that the volcano, known here as "Fire Mountain," is not ready to let them go home.
Continued blasts have not deterred⁶ many families from heading back up the mountain. They go to check on their homes and cattle. At night, they return, packing into overcrowded camps to sleep on thin mats among thousands.
Volunteers say some shelters only have five toilets for every 1,000 people, and while food and medicine is adequate, people have little to do.
Sipun has been at the Wonokerto evacuation shelter since the first eruption¹. She is one of nearly 70,000 evacuees, and says that while she is scared to go back until the volcano has stopped its activity, she is growing impatient.
Sipun says it is not comfortable here. Her children are always crying and asking for money to buy snacks. But how can she provide for them if she is here in the camp and not working, she asks.
To ease the trauma⁷ of relocation, groups of students have come to play games and entertain the thousands of children whose schools have been shuttered. Although the volcano is calmer, ash continues to rain down on houses and crops whenever the wind shifts.
People regularly stop on roadsides during the morning to snap pictures of the puffy white plume⁸ that billows from Merapi's crater. Those who live on the mountain call it "wedus gembel," or sheep's fur.
Earlier, concerns that villagers were defying eviction⁹ orders led the government to send the military to keep people out of the 10-kilometer safe zone ringing the volcano. But farmers make daily trips with the army's consent. Soldiers say they understand that peoples' lives are intimately connected with the land, and they cannot prevent them from protecting their livelihoods¹⁰. The 11,000 people who live on the volcano's slopes also have deep spiritual beliefs about its activity. Those staying in the shelters say they know best when it is safe to go back. Sunarno, a farmer in a village eight kilometers from Merapi's summit, grew up on the volcano. He has lived there since he was a kid. So, Sunarno says, he knows what it looks like when it will erupt. If there is a danger he will go to an evacuation center, and if it is safe he will go back to his home.
The volcano's ash clouds have forced airlines to cancel flights to the nearby cities of Solo and Yogyakarta. However, so far, international air traffic around Indonesia has been little affected¹¹ by the eruptions.
A blast on Monday was the volcano's most powerful so far. It cracked the air, stirring panic among evacuees, who scrambled¹² for cover. The head of Indonesia's volcanology agency says the eruption broke through the lava¹³ dome¹⁴, where pressure had been building.
But there were few warning signs before the explosion. Scientists monitoring the volcano say it could continue to erupt for weeks. As a precaution they have raised the alert level on 21 other volcanoes around Indonesia.
The country sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area prone¹⁵ to frequent earthquakes and volcanic¹⁶ activity.

1 eruption   

n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作

参考例句：

• The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
• The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。

2 eruptions   

n.喷发，爆发( eruption的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions. 火山喷发已导致200多人丧生。 来自辞典例句

3 crater   

n.火山口，弹坑

参考例句：

• With a telescope you can see the huge crater of Ve-suvius.用望远镜你能看到巨大的维苏威火山口。
• They came to the lip of a dead crater.他们来到了一个死火山口。

4 evacuees   

n.被疏散者( evacuee的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Moreover, for multi-exits, evacuees select a exit based on game theory. 在有多个出口时，疏散人员根据对策论选择出口。 来自互联网
• Evacuees wade through flooded area following heavy monsoon rains in Peshawar on Saturday, July 31, 2010. 撤离灾区涉水通过后在白沙瓦沉重的季风降雨在周六，2010年7月31日。 来自互联网

5 cramped   

a.狭窄的

参考例句：

• The house was terribly small and cramped, but the agent described it as a bijou residence. 房子十分狭小拥挤，但经纪人却把它说成是小巧别致的住宅。
• working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作

6 deterred   

v.阻止，制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣，可他却不罢休。
• Jeremy was not deterred by this criticism. 杰里米没有因这一批评而却步。 来自辞典例句

7 trauma   

n.外伤，精神创伤

参考例句：

• Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
• The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。

8 plume   

n.羽毛；v.整理羽毛，骚首弄姿，用羽毛装饰

参考例句：

• Her hat was adorned with a plume.她帽子上饰着羽毛。
• He does not plume himself on these achievements.他并不因这些成就而自夸。

9 eviction   

n.租地等的收回

参考例句：

• The family have won a temporary reprieve from eviction.这个家庭暂时免于被逐出。
• He claimed damages for unlawful eviction.他要求对非法驱逐作出赔偿。

10 livelihoods   

生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。

11 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

12 scrambled   

v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞

参考例句：

• Each scrambled for the football at the football ground. 足球场上你争我夺。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He scrambled awkwardly to his feet. 他笨拙地爬起身来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 lava   

n.熔岩，火山岩

参考例句：

• The lava flowed down the sides of the volcano.熔岩沿火山坡面涌流而下。
• His anger spilled out like lava.他的愤怒像火山爆发似的迸发出来。

14 dome   

n.圆屋顶，拱顶

参考例句：

• The dome was supported by white marble columns.圆顶由白色大理石柱支撑着。
• They formed the dome with the tree's branches.他们用树枝搭成圆屋顶。

15 prone   

adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的

参考例句：

• Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
• He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。

16 volcanic   

adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
• Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。