VOA常速英语2013--祷告还是屠杀 决定莫斯科穆斯林前途

 

Moscow's Large Muslim Community Faces Violence, Suppression 祷告还是屠杀 决定莫斯科穆斯林前途

MOSCOW — Moscow is now home to 2 million Muslims - more than any other city in Europe.

莫斯科 — 过去几十年来，巴黎、伦敦和柏林的穆斯林人口大量增长，现在轮到莫斯科了。那么，俄罗斯首都莫斯科是如何适应宗教和人口结构挑战的呢？

So when the faithful gathered Tuesday for the start of the Eid al-Adha holiday, tens of thousands of men unrolled their prayer mats on the asphalt of Moscow’s streets. Last year, they prayed outside in rain and snow.

莫斯科现在有大约200万穆斯林人口，比任何欧洲城市都多。星期二是宰牲节的开始，成千上万的信徒在莫斯科的沥青大街上打开他们的祈祷垫。

Looming¹ overhead were the new minarets² of the Moscow Cathedral Mosque³, a century-old mosque that is now being expanded. It is one of only four mosques⁴ in all of Moscow.

去年，他们是在户外雨雪交加中进行祈祷的。新的莫斯科清真寺正在扩建中。这不过是莫斯科4座清真寺之一。

“Certainly mosques are needed. Mosques are needed in each micro-district,” said Abdul Bari Sultanov, a Russian Muslim from Tatarstan, a historically Muslim region, after prayers Tuesday. “As well as madrassas, schools, imams so that people would be morally prepared for meeting their God.”

阿卜杜尔·苏尔坦诺夫是俄罗斯穆斯林，他来自穆斯林传统聚居地鞑靼斯坦。俄罗斯穆斯林宗教领袖阿卜杜尔·苏尔丹诺夫说： “我们肯定需要更多的清真寺，莫斯科的每个小区都需要，还需要学校和阿訇，让人们做好和上帝见面的精神准备。”

The Russian Orthodox Church is building 200 new churches around Moscow. In contrast, new mosque projects never win building permits.

俄罗斯东正教正在莫斯科建造200座新教堂，新清真寺从来争取不到建筑许可证。

Russian Muslim activist⁵ Geydar Dzhemal claims that the Kremlin blocks new mosques in Russia’s capital.

俄罗斯穆斯林权益人士盖达尔·德迈尔指责克里姆林宫阻止在俄罗斯建筑新的清真寺。

“They understand the politics of suppression -- direct suppression,” said Dzhemal, who has criticized Moscow’s policy on Islam since the Soviet⁶ days.  “And they don't understand that this will create problems for themselves much worse then those they are trying to understand now.”

德迈尔说：“他们知道压迫的政治作用，直接压迫，但是他们不懂得这样做会给他们自己制造麻烦，比他们想象的要严重得多。”

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin has vowed⁷ that no new mosques will be built in Moscow. He claims that the Muslims praying in streets on holidays are largely Central Asians, guest workers who will eventually go home.

莫斯科市长谢尔盖·索比亚宁发誓，不让莫斯科建造新清真寺。他说，节日期间在大街上祈祷的穆斯林，大部分是来自中亚的临时工，他们最终是要回家的。

“It has turned out that the praying Muslims are not at all Russian citizens and they are not Moscow residents,” Sobyanin recently told Ekho Moskvi. “They are labor⁸ migrants. There are only 10 percent of Moscow residents among them and building mosques for everyone who wants it - I think this will be over the top,” continued the mayor.

索比亚宁最近在莫斯科回声电台发表讲话时说，“莫斯科居民中只有10%的穆斯林，谁想建清真寺就建清真寺，太过分了。”

“Muscovites now get irritated by people who speak a different language, have different manners, with aggressive behavior,” he added.

Sobyanin, a Kremlin ally, won last month’s mayoral elections. He seems to know what voters are thinking. On Sunday, Slavic residents in a working class Moscow neighborhood rioted against Central Asians and Caucasians. “Russia Forward! Russia Forward!” they chanted.

克里姆林宫的盟友索比亚宁在上个月的市长竞选中获胜，他似乎了解选民的想法。星期天，莫斯科一个劳工社区的斯拉夫居民跟中亚和高加索居民发生打斗。

他们高喊：“前进俄罗斯！前进俄罗斯！”

The spark that set off the incident was the stabbing death last week of a young Slavic Russian man. An immigrant from Azerbaijan was arrested in the case on Tuesday.

冲突的导火线是上星期，一名俄罗斯斯拉夫族年轻人被刀捅死，凶手可能是来自阿塞拜疆的一位民工。

Analysts⁹ called the anti-immigrant riot a modern day pogrom. While police released most of the rioters, they detained 2,000 migrant workers for identity checks. Politicians called for banning apartment sales to foreigners and for imposing¹⁰ visa restrictions¹¹ on migrants from the southern Muslim nations that only a generation ago were part of the Soviet Union.

分析人士称，反移民动乱是现代大屠杀。警察拘留了2000名民工。政界人士呼吁，禁止向外国人出售公寓，限制向南方穆斯林国家颁发签证，一代人之前，那个地区还是苏联的一部分。

After the collapse¹² of the Soviet Union, Isolda Kukushkina moved to Moscow from Ukraine, a nation often seen as Russia’s cultural and religious cradle. On Tuesday, near the Moscow Cathedral, she looked at the rivers of Muslim men who flowed past her Orthodox Church, dedicated¹³ to St. Philip and worried about Moscow’s future.

“It will be Muslim, I am afraid,” she said. “Believe me I like them, but Moscow must be Slavic. It should be somehow balanced. But this influx¹⁴ of immigrants influences our life in a bad way,” said Kukushkina.

伊索尔达·库库什基纳在苏联垮台后，从乌克兰移民到莫斯科。星期二，她看着穆斯林信徒的一股股人流从东正教堂前经过，她为莫斯科的未来担忧。

莫斯科居民伊索尔达·库库什基纳说：“我担心莫斯科会成为穆斯林城市，相信我，我喜欢他们，但是莫斯科必须是斯拉夫人的，至少应该平衡，可是民工潮对我们的生活产生了坏的影响。”

For now, Moscow’s future is playing out on the streets, defined by prayers - and pogroms.

目前，祈祷者和反移民人士似乎在大街上争夺莫斯科的未来。 

1 looming   

n.上现蜃景（光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼）v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近

参考例句：

• The foothills were looming ahead through the haze. 丘陵地带透过薄雾朦胧地出现在眼前。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Then they looked up. Looming above them was Mount Proteome. 接着他们往上看，在其上隐约看到的是蛋白质组山。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望

2 minarets   

n.（清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的）光塔( minaret的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Remind you of a mosque, red baked bricks, the minarets. 红砖和尖塔都会使你联想到伊斯兰教的礼拜寺。 来自互联网
• These purchases usually went along with embellishments such as minarets. 这些购置通常也伴随着注入尖塔等的装饰。 来自互联网

3 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

4 mosques   

清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Why make us believe that this tunnel runs underneath the mosques? 为什么要让我们相信这条隧洞是在清真寺下？
• The city's three biggest mosques, long fallen into disrepair, have been renovated. 城里最大的三座清真寺，过去年久失修，现在已经修复。

5 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

6 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

7 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

8 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

9 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

10 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

11 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

12 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

13 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

14 influx   

n.流入，注入

参考例句：

• The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.这个国家实在不能接纳这么多涌入的难民。
• Textile workers favoured protection because they feared an influx of cheap cloth.纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施，因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品。