VOA常速英语2015--研究者寻找帮助戒烟的办法

研究者寻找帮助戒烟的办法

WASHINGTON— It's no secret that any type of tobacco use is not healthy. But, for most people, it's hard to quit. That's because most of them started the habit as teenagers and because tobacco contains nicotine¹.

吸食任何种类的烟草都是不健康的，这一点不是秘密。但对大多数人来说，戒烟是很难的。这是因为大多数人是从少年时就养成吸烟的习惯，而且因为烟草中含有尼古丁。

"Nicotine is a highly addictive², very powerful drug," said Dr. Kimberly Horn.

“尼古丁是一种很容易上瘾、很强效的药物。”

Dr. Kimberly Horn said teens are likely to use more than one form of tobacco. It could be cigarettes, small cigars, smokeless tobacco. And teens who smoke are likely to use electronic cigarettes, which also deliver nicotine.

金伯利·霍恩博士说青少年更可能使用多种烟草，可能是香烟、小雪茄、无烟烟草，吸烟的青少年可能会使用电子香烟，但电子香烟也会释放尼古丁。

"The more nicotine that I get, the more addicted³ I am, the more difficult it is for me to quit,” she said.

“吸食的尼古丁越多，就越不能自拔，戒烟也就越难。”

There is no one technique for quitting that works for everyone. Some turn to e-cigarettes for help.

没有一种适合于所有人的戒烟方法，一些人转向电子香烟来求助。

Cici is hoping electronic cigarettes can help her kick the habit.

西西希望电子香烟能帮助自己摆脱掉这个习惯。

"After many years of smoking, I really don’t like the smell of smoke. I don’t like the mess of cigarette butts⁴, I don’t like the taste it leaves in my mouth. And I don’t like the fact that other people are going to be bothered by the tobacco smoke.”

“吸烟多年后，我真的不喜欢吸烟的味道，不喜欢大量的烟头，不喜欢留在嘴巴里的味道，不喜欢其他人因为烟草味而反感。”

Studies show electronic devices can work for some people, but not for others. Behavioral therapy and medicine, gum and nicotine patches that that reduce nicotine cravings might help.

研究表明，电子设备对一些人有用，但并未对每个人都有用。行为疗法、药物、口香糖和尼古丁贴片这些能减轻对尼古丁渴望的东西或许能起到作用。

Dr. Nancy Rigotti and other researchers designed a program to help smokers⁵ quit while they were in the hospital and stay smoke free after they were discharged.

南希·瑞戈蒂等研究者开发了一个能帮助吸烟者在医院戒烟并能在出院后继续不吸烟的项目。

Patients were given a nicotine patch or medication and counseling in the hospital, with follow-up support after they left.

患者在医院时得到一个尼古丁贴片或药物和咨询，在出院后继续得到后续帮助。

“We know that medication works and that counseling works, but they both together work much better than either one alone,” Rigotti said.

“我们知道药物和咨询能起到作用，但两者结合起来比只用一种办法效果更好。”

Seventy percent of smokers in that program were still smoke-free six months after leaving the hospital.

参与这个项目的吸烟者中有70%的人在出院后六个月内仍没有吸烟。

The U.S. government and private organizations have been running anti-smoking campaigns since 1964.

美国政府和私人组织自1964年以来就在开展禁烟运动。

A study from the Yale School of Public Health found that those who quit during this time period had a 30-percent improvement in life expectancy⁶.

来自耶鲁公共卫生学院的研究表明，这个时期内戒烟的人其期望寿命能增加30%。

Dr. Theodore Holford is one of the co-authors, he and others who study tabocco use have this advice.

西奥多·胡佛博士是作者之一，他和其他研究烟草使用的作者给出了建议。

 

Both studies were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

两份研究都发表在《美国医学协会杂志》上。

1 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。

2 addictive   

adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的，成为习惯的

参考例句：

• The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
• Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。

3 addicted   

adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的

参考例句：

• He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
• She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。

4 butts   

笑柄( butt的名词复数 )； （武器或工具的）粗大的一端； 屁股； 烟蒂

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。
• The house butts to a cemetery. 这所房子和墓地相连。

5 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

6 expectancy   

n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额

参考例句：

• Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
• The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。