希腊经济在资本管制下挣扎

 　　ATHENS, July 10 (Xinhua) -- Ever since bank closures and capital controls began in Greece on June 29, Greek businesses have been facing extremely tough times and have reported 1.2 billion euros (1.3 billion U.S. dollars) of losses in two weeks, according to industry estimates.

　　The Greek market is suffocating¹ with a significant percentage of personnel on mandatory² leave and payments and supplies on hold due to liquidity³ problems, experts told Xinhua Friday.

　　According to Vasilis Korkidis, head of the National Confederation of the Hellenic Commerce, there are no closures of businesses or mass layoffs⁴ recorded yet.

　　However, the question raised is with bank withdrawals⁵ limited to 60 euros per day, how can businesses be sustained?

　　News Analysis: Greek economy, businesses struggling under capital control

　　"Greek businesses have come up against a severe situation that can be overturned if we have a deal with international creditors⁶ on Sunday," Korkidis told Xinhua.

　　Until then imports, exports, the operation of factories, small businesses and transports, are frozen. The capital controls forbid money transfers abroad, except by permission from a special committee of the Ministry⁷ of Finance.

　　"The Greek economy has suffered losses worth 1.2 billion euros since the introduction of capital controls," Korkidis said. "The only sectors⁸ in demand are food and fuel."

　　The use of e-banking⁹ in order to pay suppliers abroad and to deliver orders could be a short term solution, he suggested.

　　The tourism industry, a key pillar of the Greek economy, has been hit as well after the dramatic developments of the last few days.

　　"Reservations from large foreign tour operators that were made months ago have not been influenced, but there is a 30 percent of cancellations in the last minute bookings," Alexandros Lamnidis, general manager of the Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises, told Xinhua.

　　Before the announcement of the referendum, reservations had been up 3 percent over the same time last year up to June 26, he added.

　　"The main problem is the shortage of cash liquidity in the market. Small businesses, which represent 80 percent of the market in Greece, suffer the most, as they do not use the web banking system and depend on cash," Lamnidis noted¹⁰.

　　Supermarket chains and the food industry in Greece have also been hit with concerns over shortages of fresh meat, fish and dairy products if the situation does not normalize.

　　Even if there is a deal reached over Greek debt this weekend, experts warn more than two months will be needed in order for the economy to return to stability.

1 suffocating   

a.使人窒息的

参考例句：

• After a few weeks with her parents, she felt she was suffocating.和父母呆了几个星期后，她感到自己毫无自由。
• That's better. I was suffocating in that cell of a room.这样好些了，我刚才在那个小房间里快闷死了。

2 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

3 liquidity   

n.流动性，偿债能力，流动资产

参考例句：

• The bank has progressively increased its liquidity.银行逐渐地增加其流动资产。
• The demand for and the supply of credit is closely linked to changes in liquidity.信用的供求和流动资金的变化有密切关系。

4 layoffs   

临时解雇( layoff的名词复数 )； 停工，停止活动

参考例句：

• Textile companies announced 2000 fresh layoffs last week. 各纺织公司上周宣布再次裁员两千人。
• Stock prices broke when the firm suddenly announced layoffs. 当公司突然宣布裁员时，股票价格便大跌

5 withdrawals   

n.收回，取回，撤回( withdrawal的名词复数 )；撤退，撤走；收回[取回，撤回，撤退，撤走]的实例；推出（组织），提走（存款），戒除毒瘾，对说过的话收回，孤僻

参考例句：

• He has made several withdrawals from his bank account. 他从银行账户上提了几次款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It is not the bank's policy to deduct interest on withdrawals. 提款需扣除利息这并非是本银行的政策。 来自辞典例句

6 creditors   

n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They agreed to repay their creditors over a period of three years. 他们同意3年内向债主还清欠款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. 债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

8 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

10 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。