中国慈善家偏好本地公益和教育

 　　Chinese philanthropists favour local causes and educational institutions in particular, a study that tracks giving by billionaires has found.

　　一项追踪富豪捐款行为的研究发现，中国慈善家偏爱本地公益事业和教育机构。

　　The biggest donor¹ in the study of China’s top 100 is Wang Miaotong, the head of Huatong Group, the manufacturing conglomerate². Mr Wang has given away 5.6 per cent of his wealth, according to the Ash Center for Democratic Governance at Harvard University’s Kennedy School.

　　在对中国前100名慈善家的研究中，最慷慨的捐款者是制造业综合企业浙江世纪华通集团董事长王苗通。据哈佛大学(Harvard University)肯尼迪政府学院(Kennedy School)艾什民主治理与创新中心(Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation)称，王苗通捐出了其财富的5.6%。

　　The men and women who made their fortunes from China’s three-decade expansion are reaching an age where they begin thinking about what to do with their money. But they face a wasteland of charity options because China’s communist revolution dismantled³ traditional charity channels such as clan⁴ associations. Beijing remains⁵ suspicious of prominent religious groups or non-governmental organisations.

　　在中国过去三十年的迅速扩张中发家致富的人们，目前已经到了开始思考如何利用其财富的年龄。但是，因为中国的共产主义革命废除了宗亲会等传统慈善渠道，他们可以选择的慈善途径并不多。北京方面对著名的宗教团体以及非政府组织仍然持怀疑态度。

　　But they are slowly joining the ranks of wealthy Asians, especially in Hong Kong, who have decided⁶ to make their mark in a sector⁷ dominated by the fortunes of America’s gilded⁸ age.

　　但是，他们正在慢慢加入亚洲（特别是香港）富豪之列，后者已经决心在由美国镀金时代创造的财富主导的领域崭露头角。

　　Beijing has revised some tax structures and other incentives⁹ to make charity more attractive since a 2010 “billionaires’ banquet” hosted by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett launched a national debate over why China’s wealthy give less than their foreign counterparts.

　　自从2010年比尔盖茨(Bill Gates)和沃伦巴菲特(Warren Buffett)举行的“慈善晚宴”引发有关中国富豪为何比外国富豪捐款少的全国性讨论以来，中国已经对一些税制和其他激励政策进行了修订，以使慈善更具有吸引力。

　　The China Philanthropy Project found that the preference for giving locally benefits the more prosperous, private enterprise-oriented regions that have engendered¹⁰ China’s biggest success stories. Many of the recipients¹¹ identified by the study are government entities¹².

　　“中国慈善项目”(The China Philanthropy Project)发现，在当地捐款的偏好使得那些造就了中国最大的成功故事、经济较为繁荣、私营企业为主的地区受益。该研究发现，很多受益方都是政府机构。

　　Giving locally may reflect gratitude¹³ to the causes that influenced the donor and good business sense, says Peiran Wei, who co-authored the study. “The more local the gift, the more direct the impact on one’s immediate¹⁴ network, and one’s political and social capital.”

　　该研究的共同作者魏沛然称，在当地捐款或许反映出捐赠者对于影响了自己的事业的感激之情以及他们良好的商业头脑。“捐赠越是地方化，对捐赠者直接人际关系及其政治和社会资本的影响就越直接。”

　　Donor choices reflect in large part a traditional reverence¹⁵ for education and the fact that top universities such as Peking or Tsinghua are trying to mimic¹⁶ their US counterparts in tapping graduates’ largesse¹⁷.

　　捐赠者的选择在很大程度上反映出，中国人尊崇教育的传统以及北大、清华等顶尖高校试着效仿美国高校利用校友的慷慨赠与的情况。

　　Of the 100 donors¹⁸ tracked by the study, 17 have created foundations to channel donations. That could reflect the lack of institutional charities and a desire to control their own donations after a series of scandals involving the Chinese Red Cross.

　　在该研究追踪的100位捐赠者中，有17人创建了基金会。这或反映出慈善机构的缺乏，以及在中国红十字会曝出一系列丑闻之后捐赠者控制自己的捐款的意愿。

　　Mr Wei said: “Much of this activity is linked to strengthening the donor’s ability to shape giving in a national philanthropic landscape that is still emerging. It is harder to give to organisations other than those you can control.”

　　魏沛然称：“此类动向大多与增强捐款者在正在兴起的全国做慈善的大环境下管理捐款的能力有关。向那些不受你控制的组织捐款是比较难的。”

　　But do not expect a charitable legacy¹⁹ to match those of Andrew Carnegie or the Rockefellers, at least not yet, said Shawn Shieh, an authority on Chinese civil society and philanthropy. “Most foundations are very young, under-resourced and lack a clear sense of direction,” he said.

　　但是，中国公民社会和慈善方面的权威谢世宏(Shawn Shieh)称，不要指望中国的慈善遗产可以企及安德鲁愠蕓基(Andrew Carnegie)或洛克菲勒家族，至少目前还不能相提并论。“大多数基金会还非常年轻，资源不足，且缺乏明确的方向感，”他称。

1 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

2 conglomerate   

n.综合商社，多元化集团公司

参考例句：

• The firm has been taken over by an American conglomerate.该公司已被美国一企业集团接管。
• An American conglomerate holds a major share in the company.一家美国的大联合企业持有该公司的大部分股份。

3 dismantled   

拆开( dismantle的过去式和过去分词 )； 拆卸； 废除； 取消

参考例句：

• The plant was dismantled of all its equipment and furniture. 这家工厂的设备和家具全被拆除了。
• The Japanese empire was quickly dismantled. 日本帝国很快被打垮了。

4 clan   

n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派

参考例句：

• She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。
• The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以，中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。

5 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

7 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

8 gilded   

a.镀金的，富有的

参考例句：

• The golden light gilded the sea. 金色的阳光使大海如金子般闪闪发光。
• "Friends, they are only gilded disks of lead!" "朋友们，这只不过是些镀金的铅饼！ 来自英汉文学 - 败坏赫德莱堡

9 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

10 engendered   

v.产生（某形势或状况），造成，引起( engender的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The issue engendered controversy. 这个问题引起了争论。
• The meeting engendered several quarrels. 这次会议发生了几次争吵。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 recipients   

adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器

参考例句：

• The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

12 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

13 gratitude   

adj.感激，感谢

参考例句：

• I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.我向他表示了深切的谢意。
• She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face.她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。

14 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

15 reverence   

n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• We reverence tradition but will not be fettered by it.我们尊重传统，但不被传统所束缚。

16 mimic   

v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人

参考例句：

• A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
• He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。

17 largesse   

n.慷慨援助，施舍

参考例句：

• She is not noted for her largesse.没人听说过她出手大方。
• Our people are in no need of richer nations' largesse.我国人民不需要富国的施舍。

18 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。