中国的科技雄心给韩国危机感

 　　China's push to become a world leader in high-tech¹ industries has one neighbor particularly worried about new competition on the block: South Korea.

　　中国正在努力寻求成为高科技产业的世界领导者，这样的野心引起了邻国韩国的忧虑。韩国担心自己会迎来新的竞争对手。

　　In China's new economic blueprint² unveiled during the Two Sessions, known as the 13th Five-Year Plan, Chinese officials identified semiconductors⁴ as a potential tech sector⁵ to dominate. That has raised an alarm in South Korea's semiconductor³ industry, the world's largest after the U.S. with an 18 percent global market share.

　　在“两会”上公布的中国新经济蓝图（即十三五规划）中，中国官员表示，确定将半导体这个具有巨大潜力的技术作为新的发展方向。这一决定引起了韩国半导体业的恐慌。韩国是仅次于美国的世界第二大半导体生产商，占全球市场份额的18%。

　　中国的科技雄心给韩国危机感.jpg

　　At present, China commands just 3 percent of the global semiconductor market share but Beijing is hoping to increase that figure as part of its plan for new services industries, dubbed⁶ "New China," to bolster⁷ gross domestic product (GDP). Aside from semiconductors, "New China" sectors⁸ also include chip materials, robotics, aviation equipment and satellites.

　　目前，虽然中国在全球半导体市场上只占有3%的份额，但中国希望增加这一比例，并将这作为其全新服务产业（即“新常态”计划）的一部分，从而提高GDP水平。此外，除了半导体产业，该计划还涉及芯片材料、机器人、航空设备和卫星等多个领域。

　　Officials intend to achieve that goal by increasing the share of spending on research and development (R&D) to 2.5 percent of GDP for the 2016-2020 period, from 2.1 percent in 2011-2015, according to the new Five-Year Plan.

　　中国官员表示，根据新的五年计划，在2016年-2020年期间，相关领域的研发资金将由2011年-2015年占GDP的2.1%增加至2.5%。

　　"China's announcement has of course not remained unnoticed, especially by large players in high-tech industries," economists⁹ at investment bank Natixis remarked in a report.

　　著名投行法国外贸银行的经济专家在一份报告中指出，“国际社会其实已经注意到了中国在这方面的发展，特别是几家高科技领域的巨头们。”

　　"Its aggressive push is worrying for [South] Korea's industrial giants. If we consider that Korea's major global comparative advantage is high-tech electronics, such threat becomes a systemic threat for the country's economic future."“中国的积极行动让韩国的工业巨头们忧心不已。鉴于韩国在全球的主要竞争优势在于其高科技电子产品，中国的这一举动对韩国的未来经济造成了系统性威胁。”

　　South Korea's semiconductor industry is certainly paying attention. A day after the new Five-Year Plan was announced, Korea's Semiconductor Industry Association (KSIA) urged President Park Geun-Hye's government to counter the new market threat.

　　韩国半导体产业对此密切关注。就在中国“十三五规划”公布的第二天，韩国半导体产业协会便要求总统朴槿惠制定措施应对新的市场威胁。

　　"I thought that China had attempted to invest only in the semiconductor industry but it seems that China has gone a step further," KSIA Chairman Park Sung-wook was quoted as saying, referring to Beijing's aspirations¹⁰ to become a major semiconductor maker¹¹.

　　对于中国有志成为半导体制造大国的雄心，韩国半导体产业协会主席朴星昱近日表示：“我原以为中国只是试图投资半导体产业，但没想到中国比这还更近了一步。”

　　Leading Korean producers such as Samsung and SK Hynix should be worried, Natixis argues, citing three key factors.

　　法国外贸银行认为，这样的现状的确应该引起三星和海力士等韩国主要制造商的重视，并给出了三个重要原因。

　　Heavy consumption

　　强大的消费力

　　China is already the largest consumer of semiconductors globally, which should support its domestic producers, Natixis explained.

　　法国外贸银行解释称，中国已成为世界最大的半导体消费国，这会为其国内的半导体生产商提供支持。

　　"This is particularly relevant for Korean firms since they serve the Chinese market in quite a massive way."“这与韩国公司紧密相关，因为中国原本是他们的一个巨大市场。”

　　After Intel, Samsung and SK Hynix are the biggest semiconductor suppliers in the Chinese market.

　　在中国市场，三星与海力士是仅次于英特尔的第二大和第三大半导体供应商。

　　China is South Korea's largest trading partner and the exchange of goods between the two nations is set to ramp¹² up in the wake of last year's Korea-China Free Trade Agreement.

　　中国是韩国最大的贸易伙伴。去年，两国签订了《中韩自由贸易协定》，这将会促进两国之间的贸易量进一步增长。

　　A bottom-down model

　　以市场为主导

　　Beijing has also unveiled new steps that demonstrate its commitment to becoming a semiconductor superpower.

　　中国还公布了一些新的措施，显示了它想成为半导体产业超级大国的决心。

　　China has strived to become a global player for a decade now but it hasn't achieved success thus far due to its insistence¹³ on a state-led centralized approach to industrial development, Natixis said. Now, officials are embracing a more market-oriented method that encourages competition and allows companies to tap public funds to buy expertise¹⁴ abroad.

　　法国外贸银行称，中国为成为全球半导体产业领导者努力了十年，但并未取得成功。原因在于此前中国一直采取国家主导的方式控制产业发展，如今中国更多地采用市场主导的方式 ，鼓励竞争，允许企业利用公共资本购买国外技术。

　　For example, China created the National Integrated Circuit Industry Equity¹⁵ Investment Fund in 2014, endowing it with $18.4 billion. Moreover, the Ministry¹⁶ of Industry and Information Technology intends to spend $153 billion over the next decade to support the semiconductor sector - the bulk of which will be spent on buying expertise from foreign competitors, according to Natixis.

　　法国外贸银行在报告中举例称，2014年，中国设立了国家集成电路产业股权投资基金，注资184亿美元。此外，工业和信息化部计划在未来十年内投入1530亿美元支持半导体领域，其中大部分资金将用于从国外竞争对手手中购买专业技术。

　　"This obviously increases China's competitive threat [to Korea] in as far as they are able to execute appropriate merger¹⁷ & acquisition (M&A) deals in this sector."“中国在这个领域进行的合并与收购交易，很显然加大了对韩国的竞争威胁。”

　　Chinese investors¹⁸ have already started snapping up semiconductor assets. Last year, a consortium of China private equity firms snapped up U.S. firm Omnivisions Technologies for $1.9 billion in cash while a separate group of Chinese investors bought Nasdaq-listed Integrated Silicon¹⁹ Solution for $640 million.

　　中国投资者们已经开始抢购半导体资产。去年，一家中国民营企业以19亿美元现金收购了美国豪威科技公司。另一拨中国投资者以6.4亿美元的价格收购了纳斯达克上市公司——芯成半导体有限公司。

　　Shift to mobile

　　转向移动领域

　　Lastly, Korean semiconductor manufacturers tend to focus more on computers rather than mobile handsets, demand for which is growing at a faster clip. Because China dominates mobile demand, it is ideally placed to profit from semiconductor growth.

　　此前，韩国半导体制造商更注重电脑领域而非移动设备，而移动设备领域正在以更快的速度发展。中国对移动设备的半导体需求是最大的，这也将为半导体产业的发展带来了可观的利润。

　　Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix are the world leaders in DRAM chips, key for personal computers, so as demand for those chips decline, semiconductor profits at both firms have slowed in recent quarters, Natixis said.

　　法国外贸银行还说，三星电子和海力士是世界存储芯片制造商的领导者。该芯片是个人电脑的核心组件。因此，随着对这些芯片需求的减少，这两家半导体公司近几个季度的利润增长也随之放缓。

　　"Samsung and other Korean firms will need to push to achieve competitiveness in a higher tech level due to the changing nature of demand for chips as well as China's push for technology gains."“由于芯片需求的改变以及中国的科技野心，三星与其他韩国企业需要提高科技水平，以应对竞争。”

 

1 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

2 blueprint   

n.蓝图，设计图，计划；vt.制成蓝图，计划

参考例句：

• All the machine parts on a blueprint must answer each other.设计图上所有的机器部件都应互相配合。
• The documents contain a blueprint for a nuclear device.文件内附有一张核装置的设计蓝图。

3 semiconductor   

n.半导体

参考例句：

• In the beginning,engineers hoped to use semiconductor lasers.在开始时，工程师们希望能够利用半导体激光器。
• The main agent of the company brand semiconductor sales.本公司主要代理各品牌半导体销售。

4 semiconductors   

n.半导体( semiconductor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Crystals may be insulators, semiconductors, or conductors. 晶体可以是绝缘体，半导体，或导体。 来自辞典例句
• Semiconductors containing such impurities are called p-type semiconductors. 含有这类杂质的半导体叫做P型半导体。 来自辞典例句

5 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

6 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 bolster   

n.枕垫；v.支持，鼓励

参考例句：

• The high interest rates helped to bolster up the economy.高利率使经济更稳健。
• He tried to bolster up their morale.他尽力鼓舞他们的士气。

8 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 aspirations   

强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音

参考例句：

• I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
• The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。

11 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

12 ramp   

n.暴怒，斜坡，坡道；vi.作恐吓姿势，暴怒，加速；vt.加速

参考例句：

• That driver drove the car up the ramp.那司机将车开上了斜坡。
• The factory don't have that capacity to ramp up.这家工厂没有能力加速生产。

13 insistence   

n.坚持；强调；坚决主张

参考例句：

• They were united in their insistence that she should go to college.他们一致坚持她应上大学。
• His insistence upon strict obedience is correct.他坚持绝对服从是对的。

14 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

15 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

16 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

17 merger   

n.企业合并，并吞

参考例句：

• Acceptance of the offer is the first step to a merger.对这项提议的赞同是合并的第一步。
• Shareholders will be voting on the merger of the companies.股东们将投票表决公司合并问题。

18 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

19 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。