怎样用PQ4R提高阅读学习能力

 　　1.Preview

　　1.预览

　　Look through the pages of your reading passage and read the headings of the chapter. Read the first and last paragraph in each section. View the illustrations in each section. Read the captions¹ under the pictures. This will help you synthesize the information.

　　浏览阅读材料的页数，查看本章的标题。浏览每节内容的第一段和最后一段。查看每节出现的插图。认真阅读图片下方的解说，将助你更好把握材料信息。

　　2.Question

　　2.提出问题

　　Think about the information you learned in the preview. Ask yourself questions about it. Think about what you already know about the ideas you saw during your preview. What do you think will be the main points raised in the chapter? What do you expect to learn from reading this material?

　　回忆自己在预览步骤中所了解的信息。就这些信息提出问题。思考在预览过程中，自己已了解哪些信息。问问自己，本章想要表达的主旨究竟是什么？自己期望从这篇教材中学到什么？

　　怎样用PQ4R提高阅读学习能力.jpg

　　3.Read

　　3.阅读

　　Read the passage. If there are ideas that seem important, make a note of them on paper. If the book belongs to you, consider making notes in the margins² and highlight important parts in the book. If you just can't imagine writing in your book, use sticky notes or make your notes on paper.

　　阅读全文。如果发现一些比较重要的内容，可以抄在本子上。如果这本书是你的，可以在页边空白处做笔记并标记重要内容。你若不喜欢在书上写写画画，可在便利贴或本子上做笔记。

　　4.Reflect

　　4.思考

　　Take time to reflect on what you have read. How are the passages or chapters inter-related? How does the information fit into the details you have already learned? What new information did you learn? Did the passage include the information you expected it to cover? Was there information that surprised you? Were the questions that you had answered?

　　花点时间反思自己阅读过的内容。这些段落或章节是如何互相关联的？这些信息是如何与已知信息对接的？通过阅读，你了解到了哪些新信息？这篇文章是否包含你渴望了解的信息？有没有令你感到意外的信息？对于以上问题，你是否做出了回答？

　　5.Recite

　　5.背诵

　　Think about the material. Discuss it with someone else or write down the main points you learned. Generally, writing information down by hand will improve memory of the material. If writing is a problem for you, consider brief notes or discuss the material with other students. It is important to summarize the material in writing using your own words. Explain it aloud to someone else or recite your notes aloud to yourself.

　　回想阅读材料。与别人进行讨论或写下你学到的重要内容。一般来说，手写信息能够提升人脑对材料的记忆。若你对书写感到吃力，可以简短地做个笔记或与其他同学讨论阅读的内容。重要的是，写作时要用自己的话总结材料。你可以向他人介绍自己的笔记，也可以大声朗读并背诵笔记。

　　6.Review

　　6.回顾

　　Consider the main points of the material. Were your questions answered? If not, what information are you unsure about? Do you feel that the writer's points are fully³ understood?

　　回顾已读材料的主旨。是否解答了自己提出的问题？如果没有，哪些信息是你不敢确定的？你认为自己能够完全理解作者想要表达的观点吗？

　　Use the PQ4R strategy with new reading material, such as articles, books and short stories, to improve comprehension and retention⁴. This can lead to better grades and improved achievement in all school subject areas.

　　使用PQ4R阅读法阅读新材料（诸如文章、书籍、短篇小说）可以提高你的阅读理解能力和记忆力。从而令你取得更好的成绩，在各个学科有更加出色的表现。

1 captions   

n.标题，说明文字，字幕( caption的名词复数 )v.给（图片、照片等）加说明文字( caption的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• I stared, trying to grasp the point of the picture and the captions. 我目不转睛地看着漫画，想弄清楚漫画和解说词的意思。 来自辞典例句
• Indicates whether the user or the system paints the captions. 指示是由用户还是由系统来绘制标题。 来自互联网

2 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

3 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

4 retention   

n.保留，保持，保持力，记忆力

参考例句：

• They advocate the retention of our nuclear power plants.他们主张保留我们的核电厂。
• His retention of energy at this hour is really surprising.人们惊叹他在这个时候还能保持如此旺盛的精力。