为机器人设置毁灭开关 欧盟或立法将其当人看

 　　Europe is preparing for a robot revolution.

　　欧洲正策划一场机器人革命。

　　European lawmakers have proposed that robots be equipped with emergency "kill switches" to prevent them from causing excessive damage. Legislators have also suggested that robots be insured and even be made to pay taxes.

　　欧洲立法者建议为机器人配备紧急“毁灭开关”，以防止他们制造严重伤害。立法者还建议为机器人投保，甚至还要他们缴纳税款。

　　The proposal on robot governance was approved by the European Parliament's legal affairs committee on Thursday. The issue will now be considered by the European Commission, which is the bloc's top regulator.

　　12日，欧洲议会法律事务委员会通过了关于机器人治理的提案。欧盟最高监管机构——欧盟委员会将开始审批这一提案。

　　"A growing number of areas of our daily lives are increasingly affected¹ by robotics," said Mady Delvaux, the parliamentarian who authored the proposal. "To ensure that robots are and will remain in the service of humans, we urgently need to create a robust² European legal framework."

　　提案撰写者梅迪?德尔沃议员表示，“机器人在日常生活领域的影响越来越广。为了确保他们继续为人类服务，我们迫切需要建立一个健全的欧洲法律框架。”

　　机器人设置毁灭开关.jpg

　　Here is what lawmakers have proposed:

　　下面是立法者的提案：

　　Kill switch

　　毁灭开关

　　The proposal calls for a new charter on robotics that would give engineers guidance on how to design ethical³ and safe machines.

　　提案呼吁颁布一项新的机器人法案，以指导工程师设计合乎道德和安全标准的机器。

　　For example, designers should include "kill switches" so that robots can be turned off in emergencies. They must also make sure that robots can be reprogrammed if their software doesn't work as designed.

　　例如，设计者应该加入“毁灭开关”以便在紧急情况下关闭机器人。他们还必须确保在程序没有按照设计运行时可以给机器人重新编写程序。

　　Remember: It's just a robot

　　记住：这只是一个机器人

　　The proposal also says that robots should always be identifiable as mechanical creations. That will help prevent humans from developing emotional attachments⁴.

　　提案还指出，机器人应该始终被视为机械产物。这有助于防止人类对其产生情感依恋。

　　The report cites the example of care robots, saying that people who are physically⁵ dependent on them could develop emotional attachments.

　　报告以“机器人护理”为例，指出对机器人有生理依赖的人类会产生情感上的依恋。

　　Who's responsible for misbehaving robots?

　　谁来为机器人的不当行为买单？

　　The proposal calls for a compulsory⁶ insurance scheme - similar to car insurance - that would require producers and owners to take out insurance to cover the damage caused by their robots.

　　提案呼吁实施一项与汽车保险类似的强制保险计划，要求机器人生产商和所有者投保赔偿自己的机器人制造的损害。

　　Give robots rights?

　　赋予机器人权利？

　　The proposal explores whether sophisticated autonomous⁷ robots should be given the status of "electronic persons."

　　提案还探讨了是否应该给予全自主精密机器人“电子人”的地位。

　　This designation would apply in situations where robots make autonomous decisions or interact with humans independently.

　　这一定义将适用于机器人进行自主决策或与人类独立互动的情况。

　　It would also saddle robots with certain rights and obligations - for example, robots would be responsible for any damage they cause.

　　机器人还将获得某些权利和义务——例如，机器人将为他们制造的所有伤害负责。

　　Should robots pay tax?

　　机器人应该缴税吗？

　　If advanced robots start replacing human workers in large numbers, the report recommends the European Commission force their owners to pay taxes or contribute to social security.

　　该报告建议，如果先进的机器人开始大量替代人工，那么欧盟委员需迫使其所有者缴纳税款或社保。

　　EU member states should also consider implementing⁸ a universal income to blunt the impact of the job losses.

　　欧盟成员国也应考虑统一薪资以减少对失业者的影响。

1 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

2 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

3 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

4 attachments   

n.（用电子邮件发送的）附件( attachment的名词复数 )；附着；连接；附属物

参考例句：

• The vacuum cleaner has four different attachments. 吸尘器有四个不同的附件。
• It's an electric drill with a range of different attachments. 这是一个带有各种配件的电钻。

5 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

6 compulsory   

n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的

参考例句：

• Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
• Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。

7 autonomous   

adj.自治的；独立的

参考例句：

• They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
• This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

8 implementing   

v.实现( implement的现在分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句