分词

分词

一.概念:

   分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式

二.相关知识点精讲:

1.现在分词的用法：

  1) 做表语：

    He was very amusing¹.

    That book was rather boring.

    很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：

    exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching², puzzling.

  2) 作定语：

    上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：

    That must have been a terrifying experience.

    I found him a charming person.

    现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句：

    There are a few boys swimming in the river.

    There is a car waiting outside.

  3) 作状语：

    现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：

    Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.

    Opening the drawer, he took out a box.

    Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

    现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：

    Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

    Being unemployed³, he hasn’t got much money.

    现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：

    Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

    Returning home, he began to do his homework.

    Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

    Be careful when crossing the road.

    Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

    Having finished her work, she went home.

  4)作宾补：

    现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：

    例如, see, hear, catch, find,  keep ,  have 等.

    I see him passing my house every day.

    I caught him stealing things in that shop.

    I smelt⁴ something burning.

She kept him working all day.

2.过去分词的用法：

  1) 作表语：

    We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.

    She felt confused, and even frightened.

    They were very pleased with the girl.

    I’m satisfied with your answer.

    He is not interested in research.

  2) 作定语：

    She has a pleased look on her face.

    The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.

    cooked food       a written report

    fried eggs         boiled water

    frozen⁵ food        armed forces

    required courses    fallen leaves

    finished products    a forced smile

    the risen sun       new arrived visitors

    What’s the language spoken in that country?

    They’re problem left over by history.

    The play put on by the teachers was a big success.

    Is there anybody injured?

    Do you know the number of books ordered?

  3)作状语：

    Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

    Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.

    They came in, followed by some children.

    Depressed⁶, he went to see his elder sister.

    When treated with kindness, he was very amiable⁷.

  4)作宾补：

    过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面

    I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.

When they get back home, they found the room robbed.

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1 amusing   

adj.有有趣的，好玩的

参考例句：

• The girl was amusing herself with a doll.那女孩在玩洋娃娃自娱。
• He related some amusing stories in his childhood to his children.他向孩子们述说了他少年时代的一些趣事。

2 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

3 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

4 smelt   

v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼

参考例句：

• Tin is a comparatively easy metal to smelt.锡是比较容易熔化的金属。
• Darby was looking for a way to improve iron when he hit upon the idea of smelting it with coke instead of charcoal.达比一直在寻找改善铁质的方法，他猛然想到可以不用木炭熔炼，而改用焦炭。

5 frozen   

adj.冻结的，冰冻的

参考例句：

• He was frozen to death on a snowing night.在一个风雪的晚上，他被冻死了。
• The weather is cold and the ground is frozen.天寒地冻。

6 depressed   

adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的

参考例句：

• When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
• His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。

7 amiable   

adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的

参考例句：

• She was a very kind and amiable old woman.她是个善良和气的老太太。
• We have a very amiable companionship.我们之间存在一种友好的关系。