高中英语人教版高一下17

[00:04.70]Lesson 77
[00:08.25]1.Dialogue
[00:12.93]Susan is asking Mrs Zhu about the development of printing in China.
[00:20.30]What happened before printing was invented?
[00:24.84]People had to use other ways to record information.
[00:29.60]In the beginning they used² to carve³ Chinese characters on stones
[00:35.37]to record important dates in history.
[00:39.42]Do you call that printing?
[00:42.68]No,not exactly.But later,people developed a way of printing,using rocks.
[00:50.34]After they carved⁴ the characters on rocks,
[00:54.60]they put a piece of wet paper on top of the characters and beat it lightly.
[01:00.97]Then they brushed ink on the paper.
[01:05.23]How did the printing come out?
[01:08.68]The characters on the paper were white,and the rest of the paper was black.
[01:15.02]That doesn't sound like modern printing.
[01:19.10]No.The next development was to carve the characters on piece of wood.
[01:25.16]They carved a whole page of characters back-to front in the wood .
[01:31.01]Then they brushed ink on to the characters.
[01:35.27]After that they pressed a piece of paper on top,
[01:40.13]and printed a whole page of a book.
[01:44.28]What was the problem with this method⁵?
[01:47.94]It took a very long time to carve a page for a book.
[01:52.61]After you printed the book,you had to throw away the carved pieces of wood.
[01:58.36]You couldn't use them again.
[02:01.73]Lesson 78  Reading⁶
[02:11.89]Read the passage to answer this question:
[02:16.54]What did people use for keeping records in the past?
[02:21.87]PAPER
[02:24.33]The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
[02:30.60]Paper was one of the most important inventions in the whole of Chinese history.
[02:37.44]As a result of this invention,
[02:41.59]much is known⁷ about Chinese history because records were kept on paper.
[02:47.94]However,in other parts of the world,
[02:52.90]much of the history over hundreds of years is completely⁸ unknown⁹.
[02:59.15]As there was no paper in these countries,no records were kept.
[03:05.81]It is believed that before writing was developed,
[03:11.06]people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.
[03:17.59]As soon as writing was developed,people carved words on animal bones.
[03:24.96]Later,words were carved on metal pots;
[03:29.92]examples of these have been found from the 16th to the third century BC¹⁰.
[03:37.78]Between the second and the fifth centuries AD¹
[03:43.71]people wrote on pieces of bamboo¹¹ or wood
[03:49.75]and these were tied together to form a book.
[03:54.61]Although these were much more useful than the metal pots,
[04:01.14]they were still difficult to read and wre very heavy to carry.
[04:07.61]At the same time another kind of paper was developed,made from silk.
[04:16.26]Some silk books that have been found are over 2,140 years old.
[04:24.59]It was easy to write and draw on silk.
[04:29.56]The problem was that it was too valuable¹² for everyday¹³ use.
[04:36.09]Because it was so expensive,
[04:39.95]people developed a kind of paper made from the fibres¹⁴ of plants.
[04:46.48]They used fishing nets,the outside of trees,pieces of old clothes and so on.
[04:55.13]These things were put in water for a few hours and then beaten again and again.
[05:02.89]The fibres joined together and were beaten flat and then dried in a sheet¹⁵.
[05:10.62]This kind of paper was as soft and light as silk but much less expensive.
[05:18.35]By the first century the making of paper in some parts of China
[05:24.62]had been well developed and had become common.
[05:29.67]After a time,the invention reached other countries.
[05:35.02]In the eighth century a paper-making factory was set up in the Middle East,
[05:41.86]from which paper was sent all over Europe.
[05:46.54]Spain started making paper in 1150 and Russia started in 1567.
[05:55.50]Paper has been made in America since 1690

 

1 ad   

abbr.(advertisement的缩写)广告；n.(缩)广告

参考例句：

• That ad really makes me angry.那广告真叫我发火。
• We put an ad in the paper.我们在报纸上刊登了一则广告。

2 used   

adj.用旧了的，旧的；习惯于…；过去惯/经常

参考例句：

• I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
• He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。

3 carve   

vt.刻；雕刻

参考例句：

• We will look for a pumpkin,to carve into a jack-o-lantern.我们将要找一颗南瓜来雕刻成南瓜灯。
• They carve a face on the pumpkin.他们在南瓜上刻一张脸谱。

4 carved   

adj.有雕刻的v.切，切碎( carve的过去式和过去分词 )；雕刻；艰苦创业，奋斗取得（事业、名声等）

参考例句：

• The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone. 这座雕像是用整块石料雕成的。
• the elaborate decoration on the carved wooden door 木雕门上精美的装饰图案

5 method   

n.方法，办法；类函数，类成员函数(计算机)

参考例句：

• He introduced us to a new method of work.他向我们介绍了一种新的工作方法。
• Use method rather than luck.按条理办事，不要凭运气。

6 reading   

n.阅读，知识，读物，表演，对法律条文的解释；adj.阅读的

参考例句：

• Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
• He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。

7 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。

8 completely   

adv.完全地，十分地，全然

参考例句：

• She never completely gave up hope.她从不完全放弃希望。
• I feel completely in the dark on this question.这件事使我感到茫然。

9 unknown   

adj.未知的，陌生的；n.未知的东西，未知数

参考例句：

• People usually infer an unknown fact from a known fact.人们通常从已知的事实中推断未知的事实。
• The scientist was faced with many unknown factors.那个科学家面临许多未知数。

10 BC   

(=before Christ)公元前

参考例句：

• By 1800 BC,the climate is known to have changed.在公元前1800年，据说气候已经改变。
• In 221 BC,there was a poor scholar in Shanxi Province.公元前221年，山西有一位穷书生。

11 bamboo   

n.竹；竹子；adj.用竹子制的

参考例句：

• She sometimes uses a bamboo as a stick.她有时用竹竿当手杖。
• People use bamboo to build houses.人们用竹子建造房屋。

12 valuable   

adj.有价值的，贵重的，宝贵的，可估价的

参考例句：

• This is one of the most valuable lessons I learned.这是我所学到的最宝贵的教训。
• He has a valuable collection of stamps.他收藏了很有价值的邮票。

13 everyday   

adj.每天的，日常的，平常的

参考例句：

• Sweeping the floor is his everyday work.扫地是他的日常工作。
• He practices speaking English everyday.他每天练习说英语。

14 fibres   

n.（动植物的）纤维( fibre的名词复数 )；纤维质

参考例句：

• man-made fibres such as nylon and polyester 尼龙和涤纶之类的人造纤维
• The greens are full of fibres that you can't chew. 这菜筋多嚼不烂。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

15 sheet   

n.床单，张，纸张，印刷品，表格，薄片；vt.盖上被单，遍布；vi.大片落下；adj.片状的

参考例句：

• Can I have another sheet of paper please?我可以再要一张纸吗？
• He looked as white as a sheet.他脸色苍白如纸。