高中英语人教版高一下讲解08

[00:03.08]PRE-READING
[00:07.16]Do this section all by yourselves
[00:11.91]and look up any information you're interested in the dictionary.
[00:29.28]Curie(F.kyri),Pierre(1839-1960),and Marie(1867-1934),French physicists¹,
[00:52.14]husband and wife,who together with Becquerel shared a Nobel prize(1903)
[01:27.28]Mendeleyev(mendi'leief)Dmitrl lvanovich(1834-1907),Russian chemist.
[02:09.44]He constructed(1879)the periodic² table of atomic³ weights for chemical elements.
[02:19.10]READING
[02:23.65]FRANKLIN'S FAMOUS KITE EXPERIMENT
[02:28.01]In the eighteenth century,
[02:31.54]Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments
[02:36.81]in which he showed what eleetrieity is.
[02:41.49]Here is how he deseribed one of his experiments.
[02:46.64]In June 1752,I wanted to show that lightning and electricity are the same.
[02:55.18]Having realised that I could use a kite to attract lighting⁴,
[03:01.66]I decided⁵ to do an experiment.
[03:06.02]I built a strong kite and waited for bad weather.
[03:11.48]When the first thunderstorm came,
[03:15.74]I took my condenser⁶ to a shed⁷ in the fields where I could do my experiment.
[03:22.50]My son helped me fly the kite.
[03:26.94]The kite flew high in the rainy sky,but nothing happened.
[03:32.69]I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.
[03:38.57]Just then,I saw some of the hairs on the string stand up.
[03:44.91]The string was getting charged!
[03:48.96]I brought my finger close to the key
[03:53.33]and felt a light but very clear electric shock.
[03:58.68]Others followed even before the whole string was wet,
[04:03.85]and I was able to collect and store a great deal of electricity in the condenser.
[04:11.12]This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.
[04:17.46]To do the experiment you need four things:
[04:22.22]a kite,a key,some really bad weather and a condenser,to store electricity.
[04:30.68]Most kites are made of paper,
[04:34.44]but a kite made of silk
[04:38.00]will not tear so soon in weather with rain and strong winds.
[04:44.16]Build the frame⁸ of the kite by making a small cross of two pieces of light wood.
[04:51.81]The pieces should be just long enough to reach the corners of the handkerchief.
[04:58.58]Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross,
[05:04.46]and you will have a nice strong kite.
[05:09.50]Add a tail to the frame
[05:13.16]and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.
[05:19.43]The next three steps are very important.
[05:23.87]First,fix a very sharp piece of metal,
[05:29.01]pointing a foot or more above the frame,
[05:33.45]to the top of the longer stick of the cross.
[05:38.42]Second,fasten a key to the end of the long string.
[05:44.37]Third,tie a silk ribbon to the string,just above the key.
[05:50.93]This ribbn,which must not get wet,will protect you from the electricity.
[05:57.88]Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on,
[06:03.44]Stand inside a door,or under some cover,
[06:09.11]so that the silk ribbon does not get wet.
[06:13.05]Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.
[06:18.93]When a thundercloud comes over the kite,
[06:23.19]the sharp piece of metal will pull the electricity from the cloud.
[06:29.43]The kite and the string will become charged.
[06:34.00]When the kite and the string are wet from the rain,
[06:38.76]they will conduct the electricity very well.
[06:43.41]You can collect and store the electricity
[06:47.98]in the condenser and use it for other experiments.
[11:02.15]POST-READING
[11:06.31]After reading the READING piece a second thime and doing the POST-READING,
[11:18.14]try to translate the whole piece sentence by sentence into correct Chinese.
[11:35.38]Then read the Chinese translation on page___
[11:51.73]and translate it sentence by sentence back into English,
[13:04.77]LANGUAGE STUDY
[13:09.52]Word Study
[13:14.10]While reading and doing all the exercises on page 26,
[13:19.74]try to add one sentence to each of the 18 sentenees in Word study
[13:38.31]and study carefully Word Conversion⁹

[13:43.35]in which a word may be changed into different parts of speech without
[13:49.41]changing its spelling or very often even without changing its pronuneiation.
[14:01.87]Then try to find more different uses of the words:
[14:24.24]charge,conduct,cross,sharp,tear,and tie in an English-English dictionary.
[14:52.58]charge=claim that a person has done wrong,
[15:19.72]esp a formal claim that he has committed a crime:
[16:14.97]aeeuse sb of sth,esp formally in a court of law:
[17:15.52]With the help of an English-English dictionary,
[17:20.38]make pairs of sentences with some meaningful context¹⁰,
[17:32.53]using words such as thunderstorm,football,shoestring,ice-cream,greenhouse¹¹,
[18:15.18]downtown,and sea-foods.
[18:21.24]A greenhouse is a building with sides and roof of glass.
[18:52.23]After reading all the three passages on pages 27-28,
[19:07.66]try to translate them sentence by sentence into eorrect Chinese.
[19:47.60]make as much comparison¹² as you can between the English text and the Chinese
[20:10.46]* Answers and helps will be given in the other units some time later

1 physicists   

物理学家( physicist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• For many particle physicists, however, it was a year of frustration. 对于许多粒子物理学家来说，这是受挫折的一年。 来自英汉非文学 - 科技
• Physicists seek rules or patterns to provide a framework. 物理学家寻求用法则或图式来构成一个框架。

2 periodic   

adj.周期的，定期的，时而发生的

参考例句：

• Long long ago,we knew the periodic motion of a planet.很久以前，我们就知道行星的周期运动。
• These arrangements are subject to periodic reviews.这几项安排每隔一定时间须予复查。

3 atomic   

adj.(关于)原子的；原子能(武器)的

参考例句：

• The atomic theory is important.原子理论很重要。
• We should take part in the peaceful uses of atomic energy.我们应该参与原子能的和平应用。

4 lighting   

n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光

参考例句：

• The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
• The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。

5 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

6 condenser   

n.冷凝器；电容器

参考例句：

• Their common principle is to use the variable capacity in a condenser.它们的普遍原理是利用电容器的可变电容。
• Steam is condensed in the condenser.蒸汽在冷凝器中凝结。

7 shed   

n.车棚，小屋，脱落之物，分水岭；vt.使流出，放射，脱落，散发，摆脱；vi. 流出

参考例句：

• There are a lot of straws in the shed.棚子里有许多稻草。
• His nose told him that he was getting near the cow shed.他的嗅觉告诉他，他正走近牛棚。

8 frame   

n.框架，结构，体格；vt.构成，设计，制定，使适合，陷害； 框架，（是指在数据链路层中，将网络层数据包加上开始与结尾信息包组成一个框架）

参考例句：

• The house has a wooden frame which is faced with brick.这个房子是木质结构的砖瓦房。
• We must frame up that picture.我们必须给那幅画装上框。

9 conversion   

n.转化，转换，转变

参考例句：

• He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
• Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。

10 context   

n.背景，环境，上下文，语境

参考例句：

• You can always tell the meaning of a word from its context.你常可以从上下文中猜出词义来。
• This sentence does not seem to connect with the context.这个句子似乎与上下文脱节。

11 greenhouse   

n.花房，温室，玻璃暖房

参考例句：

• Behind the green house was a greenhouse.在那所绿房子后面是一个花房。
• The tomatoes were grown in the greenhouse.这些西红柿是在温室栽培的。

12 comparison   

n.比较，对照；比拟，比喻

参考例句：

• They make a comparison of New York to a beehive.他们把纽约比作一个蜂巢。
• This dress is really cheaper by comparison.比较起来，这件衣服确实便宜。