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世界上最活跃的火山

It’s been five days since Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano started erupting again, but a lot of the destruction is occurring miles from the mountain summit.

距离夏威夷的基拉韦厄火山再次喷发已经5天了，但是很多的破坏都发生在距离山顶几英里的地方。

This is all started Thursday on Hawaii’s big island. Kilauea, which means both spewing and much spreading, lived up to its name.

这都是星期四在夏威夷的大岛开始的。基拉韦厄(Kilauea)的意思是“喷涌而出”。

First, molten rock and sulfur¹ dioxide shot into the air. Then, cracks formed in the earth miles to the east of the volcano, an entire communities of hundreds of people were told to get out of their homes. A 6.9 magnitude earthquake hit Friday, and by the end of the weekend, 10 fissures² openings in the earth had appeared and dozens of homes had been destroyed as lava³ sipped⁴ out and consumed them.

首先，熔化的岩石和二氧化硫射入空气。然后，在距离火山东部几英里的地方形成了裂缝，整个社区数百人被告知要离开他们的家园。周五，一场6.9级的地震发生，到周末结束时，地面上出现了10个裂隙，数十座房屋被摧毁，岩浆喷发并吞噬了它们。

It’s not just the molten rock that’s a threat. The vents⁵ are releasing toxic⁶ fumes⁷ that aren’t safe to breathe. And though first responders have masks that help them protect them, Hawaii’s department of health says these masks aren’t available to the public. So, the best thing they can do is leave when police or fire officials tell them to.

不仅仅熔岩这一种威胁。火山口释放气体是有毒的。尽管首批急救人员戴着防护的口罩，但夏威夷卫生部表示，这些口罩对公众来说是不可用的。所以，当警察或消防官员告诉民众的时候，他们能做的最好的事情就是离开。

The Red Cross has set up two shelters where those who’ve evacuated⁹ can stay. Public schools on the big island are still open. But education officials says no one who’s had to evacuate⁸ will be penalized¹⁰ for missing class.

红十字会已经设立了两个避难所，那些已经撤离的人可以留下来。大岛上的公立学校仍然开放。但是教育官员说，那些不是必须撤离的人，将会因为缺课而受到处罚。

The Kilauea volcano has been erupting continuously since 1983. Encyclopedia¹¹ Britannica describes it as the most active volcanic¹² mass in the world. Its previous eruptions¹³ have lasted for months or even years, so this activity isn’t new and it’s also not predictable.

基拉韦厄火山自1983年以来一直持续喷发。大英百科全书把它描述为世界上最活跃的火山群。它之前的喷发持续了几个月甚至几年，所以现在的情形并不新鲜，而且也不可预测。

1 sulfur   

n.硫，硫磺（=sulphur）

参考例句：

• Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。
• Burning may produce sulfur oxides.燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。

2 fissures   

n.狭长裂缝或裂隙( fissure的名词复数 )；裂伤；分歧；分裂v.裂开( fissure的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Rising molten rock flows out on the ocean floor and caps the fissures, trapping the water. 上升熔岩流到海底并堵住了裂隙，结果把海水封在里面。 来自辞典例句
• The French have held two colloquia and an international symposium on rock fissures. 法国已经开了两次岩石裂缝方面的报告会和一个国际会议。 来自辞典例句

3 lava   

n.熔岩，火山岩

参考例句：

• The lava flowed down the sides of the volcano.熔岩沿火山坡面涌流而下。
• His anger spilled out like lava.他的愤怒像火山爆发似的迸发出来。

4 sipped   

v.小口喝，呷，抿( sip的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He sipped his coffee pleasurably. 他怡然地品味着咖啡。
• I sipped the hot chocolate she had made. 我小口喝着她调制的巧克力热饮。 来自辞典例句

5 vents   

（气体、液体等进出的）孔、口( vent的名词复数 )； （鸟、鱼、爬行动物或小哺乳动物的）肛门； 大衣等的)衩口； 开衩

参考例句：

• He always vents his anger on the dog. 他总是拿狗出气。
• The Dandelion Patch is the least developed of the four active vents. “蒲公英区”在这四个活裂口中是发育最差的一个。

6 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

7 fumes   

n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体

参考例句：

• The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。
• Exhaust fumes are bad for your health. 废气对健康有害。

8 evacuate   

v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便

参考例句：

• We must evacuate those soldiers at once!我们必须立即撤出这些士兵！
• They were planning to evacuate the seventy American officials still in the country.他们正计划转移仍滞留在该国的70名美国官员。

9 evacuated   

撤退者的

参考例句：

• Police evacuated nearby buildings. 警方已将附近大楼的居民疏散。
• The fireman evacuated the guests from the burning hotel. 消防队员把客人们从燃烧着的旅馆中撤出来。

10 penalized   

对…予以惩罚( penalize的过去式和过去分词 )； 使处于不利地位

参考例句：

• You will be penalized for poor spelling. 你拼写不好将会受到处罚。
• Team members will be penalized for lateness. 队员迟到要受处罚。

11 encyclopedia   

n.百科全书

参考例句：

• The encyclopedia fell to the floor with a thud.那本百科全书砰的一声掉到地上。
• Geoff is a walking encyclopedia.He knows about everything.杰夫是个活百科全书，他什么都懂。

12 volcanic   

adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
• Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。

13 eruptions   

n.喷发，爆发( eruption的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions. 火山喷发已导致200多人丧生。 来自辞典例句