2019年经济学人 一周要闻 特朗普从叙利亚撤军 沃伦角逐2020美国大选 马蒂斯辞职

 

The world this week

本周全球要闻

James Mattis spent his last day in office as America’s defence secretary. Mr Mattis decided¹ to step down after Donald Trump² unilaterally announced the withdrawal³ of American troops from Syria. (Mr Trump also said he would downsize America’s deployment⁴ to Afghanistan, but he appears to have changed his mind.) Mr Mattis had wanted to stay until February, but Mr Trump gave him a week to clear his desk.

詹姆斯·马蒂斯(James Mattis)度过了担任美国国防部长的最后一天。特朗普单方面宣布从叙利亚撤军后，马蒂斯决定辞职。(特朗普还表示，他还将缩减美国在阿富汗的驻军人数，但他似乎又改变了主意。)马蒂斯原本有望留任至明年2月份，但特朗普让他在一周内“卷铺盖走人”。

Mr Trump’s decision to withdraw from Syria was felt across the Middle East. Bashar al-Assad, Syria’s dictator, welcomed it, as did his Russian and Iranian backers. America’s Kurdish allies, feeling betrayed, asked Mr Assad to protect them from a looming⁵ offensive by Turkey. And Arab countries that loathe⁶ Mr Assad quickly tried to make up with him.

整个中东地区都受到特朗普从叙利亚撤军决定的影响。叙利亚独裁者巴沙尔·阿萨德(Bashar al-Assad)对此表示欢迎，支持他的俄罗斯和伊朗亦是如此。而深感“背叛”的美国的库尔德盟友要求阿萨德保护他们免受土耳其近在眼前的进攻。而厌恶阿萨德的阿拉伯国家很快向其示好。

Binyamin Netanyahu, Israel’s prime minister, called for an election to be held on April 9th, seven months earlier than originally scheduled. Many see this as an attempt by Mr Netanyahu to head off possible corruption⁷ charges.

以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡(Binyamin Netanyahu)呼吁在4月9日举行大选，比原计划提前了7个月。许多人认为这是内塔尼亚胡试图阻止可能的腐败指控。

Elizabeth Warren became the first heavy-hitter to enter the race for the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination⁸ in 2020. The senator from Massachusetts favours higher taxes, universal health care and 40% of seats on company boards reserved for workers.

伊丽莎白·沃伦(Elizabeth Warren)成为首位在2020年角逐民主党总统候选人提名的重量级人物。这位来自马萨诸塞州的参议员支持提高税收、全民医疗保险和主张公司董事会中为工人保留40%的席位。

Jair Bolsonaro, a former army captain and apologist for military rule, took office as Brazil’s president. Addressing congress, he proposed a “national pact” to overcome “the yoke⁹ of corruption, criminality” and “economic irresponsibility”. In a more combative¹⁰ speech to a crowd of 100,000, he said he would free Brazil from “socialism, inverted¹¹ values, the bloated state and political correctness”.

前陆军上尉和军事统治的辩护者——雅伊尔·博索纳罗（Jair Bolsonaro）就任巴西总统。在国会发表演讲时，他提出了一项“国家协定”，以打破“腐败、犯罪”和“经济不负责任”的枷锁。在针对10万民众发表的更具攻击性的演讲中，他表示，他将把巴西从“社会主义、混乱的价值观、臃肿的奇怪政府、以及政治正确”中解放出来。

1 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

4 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

5 looming   

n.上现蜃景（光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼）v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近

参考例句：

• The foothills were looming ahead through the haze. 丘陵地带透过薄雾朦胧地出现在眼前。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Then they looked up. Looming above them was Mount Proteome. 接着他们往上看，在其上隐约看到的是蛋白质组山。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望

6 loathe   

v.厌恶，嫌恶

参考例句：

• I loathe the smell of burning rubber.我厌恶燃着的橡胶散发的气味。
• You loathe the smell of greasy food when you are seasick.当你晕船时，你会厌恶油腻的气味。

7 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

8 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

9 yoke   

n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶

参考例句：

• An ass and an ox,fastened to the same yoke,were drawing a wagon.驴子和公牛一起套在轭上拉车。
• The defeated army passed under the yoke.败军在轭门下通过。

10 combative   

adj.好战的；好斗的

参考例句：

• Mr. Obama has recently adopted a more combative tone.奥巴马总统近来采取了一种更有战斗性的语调。
• She believes that women are at least as combative as are.她相信女性至少和男性一样好斗。

11 inverted   

adj.反向的，倒转的v.使倒置，使反转( invert的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Only direct speech should go inside inverted commas. 只有直接引语应放在引号内。
• Inverted flight is an acrobatic manoeuvre of the plane. 倒飞是飞机的一种特技动作。 来自《简明英汉词典》