2019年经济学人 华为: 误会 (1)

 

The "Five Eyes" is probably the world's most comprehensive spying agreement.

“五眼联盟”可能是世界上最广泛的间谍协议了。

Originating in Allied¹ intelligence-sharing during the second world war

由二战期间的盟军情报分享催生的“五眼联盟”

it now links together the signals-intelligence agencies of America, Australia, Britain, Canada and New Zealand.

现在将美国、澳大利亚、英国、加拿大和新西兰的通信情报部门联系在了一起。

Despite its undercover nature, its members are having a very public disagreement over what to do about Huawei.

虽然其拥有间谍的本质，但其成员在该拿华为怎么办这件事上公然产生了分歧。

The big Chinese technology firm makes everything from set-top boxes and routers to smartphones.

这家中国大型科技公司的产品从机顶盒、路由器到智能手机，应有尽有。

Western worries concern back-end equipment of the sort used to construct mobile-phone networks.

西方国家担心的是用于建造移动手机网络的那种后端设备。

Huawei has quickly caught up with established firms in that market, such as Ericsson and Nokia,

华为迅速追赶上了市场上的那些行业内原有企业，如爱立信和诺基亚，

particularly when it comes to the machines necessary to run fast "fifth-generation" (5G) networks.

尤其是在运营5G网络的必备机器上更是如此。

As its gear has been installed around the world, worries have grown that it might contain "back doors"—

随着其设备已经安装在了世界各地，西方国家越来越担心其设备中可能有“后门”，

deliberate security flaws inserted to allow the Chinese state to conduct espionage², or even to attack phone networks themselves.

即故意植入安全漏洞，让中国政府进行间谍活动，甚至是攻击手机网络。

America is waging a campaign against Huawei around the world.

美国在世界范围内开展了反对华为的运动。

In two recent speeches Mike Pence, America's vice-president, urged allies to shun³ the firm's gear.

在最近的两次演讲中，美国副总统迈克·彭斯强烈要求盟国避免使用该公司的设备。

He mentioned a Chinese law passed in 2017 that would require firms to co-operate with the country's intelligence services.

他提到了2017年通过的一条中国法律，该条法律要求公司和中国的情报部门合作。

Australia has already banned Huawei's equipment. Japan has passed laws that seem designed to target the firm.

澳大利亚已经禁用了华为的设备。日本通过了似乎是专门针对该公司的法律。

In December Canadian police arrested Meng Wanzhou, the daughter of Ren Zhengfei, Huawei's founder⁴, at America's request.

12月，加拿大警方应美方要求逮捕孟晚舟—华为创始人任正非的女儿。

She—and Huawei—are charged with evading⁵ American sanctions on Iran.

她和华为均被以规避美国对伊朗的制裁而被起诉。

Support for America's tough stance is not universal. The most prominent exception is Britain,

不是每个国都支持美国坚定的立场。最显著的例外是英国，

which allows Huawei's kit⁶ but scrutinises it at a laboratory run by the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), part of GCHQ, Britain's electronic-spying agency.

英国允许使用华为设备，但要在国家网络安全中心（NCSC）属下的实验室中对其设备进行仔细检查，NCSC从属英国电子间谍机构国家通信总部（GCHQ）。

On February 20th, speaking at a security conference in Brussels, Ciaran Martin, a member of GCHQ's board, gave the spooks' view.

2月20日，在布鲁塞尔的一次安全会议演讲中，GCHQ董事会成员夏兰·马丁给出了关于间谍的观点。

GCHQ has probed Huawei's hardware and code for years.

GCHQ已探测华为的硬件和代码多年。

It found no evidence of back doors but discovered that Huawei's code is a spaghettified mess full of holes and weak security.

其没有发现设备后门的证据，但却发现华为的代码非常混乱，满是漏洞且安全性较弱。

1 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

2 espionage   

n.间谍行为，谍报活动

参考例句：

• The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
• Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。

3 shun   

vt.避开，回避，避免

参考例句：

• Materialists face truth,whereas idealists shun it.唯物主义者面向真理，唯心主义者则逃避真理。
• This extremist organization has shunned conventional politics.这个极端主义组织有意避开了传统政治。

4 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

5 evading   

逃避( evade的现在分词 )； 避开； 回避； 想不出

参考例句：

• Segmentation of a project is one means of evading NEPA. 把某一工程进行分割，是回避《国家环境政策法》的一种手段。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Too many companies, she says, are evading the issue. 她说太多公司都在回避这个问题。

6 kit   

n.用具包，成套工具；随身携带物

参考例句：

• The kit consisted of about twenty cosmetic items.整套工具包括大约20种化妆用品。
• The captain wants to inspect your kit.船长想检查你的行装。