2019年经济学人 剑拔弩张:美国伊朗撕裂核协议(2)

 

Today hardliners are ascendant on both sides. Bellicose¹ rhetoric² has returned. Mr Bolton and Mike Pompeo, the secretary of state, believe in using economic pressure to topple the Iranian regime and bombs to stop its nuclear programme. In Tehran the mullahs and their Revolutionary Guards do not trust America. They are tightening³ their grip at home and lashing⁴ out abroad. In both countries policy is being dictated⁵ by intransigents, who risk stumbling into war.

如今，双方的强硬派都占据了优势。博尔顿和美国国务卿迈克?蓬佩奥都认为，应利用经济压力推翻伊朗政权，并使用炸弹阻止其核计划。在德黑兰，毛拉和他们的革命卫队不信任美国。他们正在收紧对国内的控制，并在海外大举出击。而两个国家的政策都是由冒着陷入战争风险的不妥协者制定。

It is probably too late to save the nuclear deal, known as the Joint⁶ Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Iran has been complying, but critics in America complain that its temporary restrictions⁷ will ultimately legitimise the nuclear programme and that the deal will not stop Iran from producing missiles or sowing murder and mayhem abroad. President Donald Trump⁸ pulled America out of the agreement last year, calling it a “disaster”. It is not, but that damage is done. Renewed sanctions on Iran and the threat to punish anyone who trades with it have wrecked⁹ what is left of the agreement. Last week America cancelled waivers that let some countries continue to buy Iranian oil. It is extending sanctions to Iran’s metals exports. Instead of reaping the benefits of co-operation, Iran has been cut off from the global economy. The Rial has plummeted¹⁰, inflation is rising and wages are falling. The economy is in crisis.

核协议全称为《联合全面行动计划》(JCPOA)，拯救核协议为时已晚。伊朗一直在遵守协议，但美国的批评人士抱怨称，其临时限制将最终使核计划合法化，该协议不能阻止伊朗生产导弹，更不能阻止其在海外制造谋杀和破坏。去年，唐纳德·特朗普总统宣布美国退出该协议，称核协议为一场“灾难”。事实并非如此，但损害已经造成。对伊朗的新一轮制裁，以及扬言要惩罚任何与伊朗交易的国家的威胁，破坏了协议的剩余部分。上周，美国取消了允许一些国家继续购买伊朗石油的豁免。正将制裁范围扩大到伊朗的金属出口。伊朗非但没有从合作中获益，反而被切断了与全球经济的联系。里亚尔暴跌，通货膨胀上升，工资下降。伊朗经济正处于危机。

1 bellicose   

adj.好战的；好争吵的

参考例句：

• He expressed alarm about the government's increasingly bellicose statements.他对政府越来越具挑衅性的声明表示担忧。
• Some irresponsible politicians made a bellicose remarks.一些不负责任的政客说出一些好战的话语。

2 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

3 tightening   

上紧，固定，紧密

参考例句：

• Make sure the washer is firmly seated before tightening the pipe. 旋紧水管之前，检查一下洗衣机是否已牢牢地固定在底座上了。
• It needs tightening up a little. 它还需要再收紧些。

4 lashing   

n.鞭打；痛斥；大量；许多v.鞭打( lash的现在分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥

参考例句：

• The speaker was lashing the crowd. 演讲人正在煽动人群。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The rain was lashing the windows. 雨急打着窗子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 dictated   

v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布

参考例句：

• He dictated a letter to his secretary. 他向秘书口授信稿。
• No person of a strong character likes to be dictated to. 没有一个个性强的人愿受人使唤。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

7 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

8 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

9 wrecked   

adj.失事的，遇难的

参考例句：

• the hulk of a wrecked ship 遇难轮船的残骸
• the salvage of the wrecked tanker 对失事油轮的打捞

10 plummeted   

v.垂直落下，骤然跌落( plummet的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. 股票价格暴跌到历史最低点。
• A plane plummeted to earth. 一架飞机一头栽向地面。 来自《简明英汉词典》