2019年经济学人 一周要闻 沙特油轮遇袭 巴西削减教育经费 阿拉巴马禁女性堕胎

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Politics

政治

The ruling African National Congress won South Africa’s general election with 58% of the vote. The party had never before received less than 60% at a national poll. Many voters were put off by the corruption¹ that flourished under Jacob Zuma, president from 2009 to 2018. The ANC might have done worse but for Cyril Ramaphosa, who replaced Mr Zuma and vowed² to clean up his mess. The Democratic Alliance got 21% of the vote.

执政党非洲国民大会党以58%的选票赢得南非大选。此前，该党在全国民调中从未获得低于60%的支持率。2009年至2018年，在南非总统雅各布·祖马(Jacob Zuma)执政期间，腐败现象猖獗，许多选民对选举有反感情绪。如果不是接替祖玛并发誓要收拾烂摊子的西里尔·拉马福萨，非国大可能会做得更糟。反对党民主联盟获得了21%的选票。

Violence flared³ in Sudan as the ruling military council and protest groups tried to reach a political-transition deal. At least six people were killed. It has been more than a month since the army toppled Omar al-Bashir amid large demonstrations⁴ against his presidency⁵. Generals and civilians⁶ have yet to agree on how power will be shared.

当苏丹执政的军事委员会与抗议组织试图达成政治过渡协议时，暴力冲突爆发。至少6人死亡。一个多月前，在反对巴希尔总统的大规模示威中，军队将其赶下台。军方和平民尚未就权力如何分配达成一致。

A militia⁷ allied⁸ with the Nigerian government freed almost 900 children it had used in the war against the jihadists of Boko Haram, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund. Of the 3,500 or so children in total who were recruited by armed groups to fight Boko Haram, more than 1,700 have now been set free.

根据联合国儿童基金会的数据，与尼日利亚政府结盟的民兵组织释放了近900名儿童，这些儿童被该组织用来对抗“博科圣地”的圣战分子。在被武装组织招募用来对抗”博科圣地“组织的约3500名儿童中，有1700多人现已获释。

At least 28 troops in Niger were killed in an ambush⁹ near the border with Mali, a region that is a hotbed of jihadist activity.

尼日尔与马里边境附近发生伏击，造成至少28名士兵丧生，马里已成为”圣战活动“的温床。

Tensions rose in the Middle East, as officials in the Gulf¹⁰ said four oil tankers¹¹, including two from Saudi Arabia, had been sabotaged¹² off the coast of the United Arab Emirates. Unnamed American sources were quoted as blaming Iran or its proxies¹³, but they presented no evidence. America pulled all “non-emergency employees” from Iraq amid concerns about alleged¹⁴ threats from Iran.

中东地区紧张局势加剧，海湾地区的官员表示，包括两艘沙特油轮在内的四艘油轮在阿联酋海岸遭到蓄意破坏。援引匿名的美国消息人士的话，他们指责是伊朗或其代理人所为，但没有提供任何证据。由于担心来自伊朗的威胁，美国召回了所有驻伊拉克的“非紧急官员”。

Yemen’s Houthi rebels attacked two oil-pumping stations in Saudi Arabia with armed drones. Saudi Arabia supports the Yemeni government in its war against the Houthis, who are aligned¹⁵ with Iran. The UN held talks in Jordan aimed at consolidating¹⁶ a truce¹⁷ between the parties.

也门胡塞叛军用武装无人机袭击了沙特两处加油站。沙特支持也门政府打击胡塞武装，胡塞武装与伊朗结盟。联合国在约旦举行会谈，旨在巩固各方之间的停火协议。

Policy tactics

政策策略

Alabama’s governor signed a law banning abortion¹⁸ in all cases except when the mother’s life is in danger, the most stringent¹⁹ in a number of “heartbeat” bills that have been approved by Republican states. Pro-lifers hope the bills will eventually make their way to the Supreme²⁰ Court, where they think they have a chance of overturning Roe²¹ v Wade²².

阿拉巴马州州长签署了一项法律，禁止在任何情况下堕胎，除非孕妇的生命受到威胁，这是共和党州通过的一系列“心跳法案”中最严格的一项。反堕胎人士希望这些法案最终能提交至最高法院，他们认为他们有机会推翻罗伊诉韦德案。

A federal judge ordered 32 of Florida’s 67 counties to provide election material and ballot²³ papers for Spanish-speakers in time for the presidential primaries next year. Florida has started the process of supplying bilingual forms, but the judge wants that to speed up; he warned officials that complying with the order was “not optional”.

一位联邦法官下令，佛罗里达州67个县中的32个县在明年总统初选前及时向讲西班牙语的选民提供选举材料和选票。佛罗里达州已经开始提供双语表格，但法官希望加快速度；他警告各地官员，遵守命令是“强制性的”。

Lower education

削减教育经费

Hundreds of thousands of students and teachers took to the streets of Brazil’s state capitals to demonstrate against a 30% cut in the federal funding allocated²⁴ to universities. Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, who was in Dallas meeting Republican leaders, called the protesters “useful idiots”.

数十万学生和教师走上巴西各州首府街头，抗议联邦政府削减30%的大学拨款。正在达拉斯会见共和党领导人的巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗称抗议者是一帮“有用的白痴”。

Meanwhile, Mr Bolsonaro said he would nominate Sérgio Moro, his justice minister, to Brazil’s supreme court in 2020. Mr Moro faced allegations of bias²⁵ when he joined Mr Bolsonaro’s government after sentencing Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Mr Bolsonaro’s one-time political rival, for corruption.

同时，博尔索纳罗表示，他将在2020年提名司法部长塞尔吉奥·莫罗(Sergio Moro)为巴西最高法院法官。在博尔索纳罗的政治对手路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦因腐败被定罪后，正面临偏见指控的莫罗加入了博尔索纳罗的政府。

1 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

2 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

3 Flared   

adj. 端部张开的, 爆发的, 加宽的, 漏斗式的 动词flare的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The match flared and went out. 火柴闪亮了一下就熄了。
• The fire flared up when we thought it was out. 我们以为火已经熄灭，但它突然又燃烧起来。

4 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

5 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

6 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

7 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

8 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

9 ambush   

n.埋伏(地点)；伏兵；v.埋伏；伏击

参考例句：

• Our soldiers lay in ambush in the jungle for the enemy.我方战士埋伏在丛林中等待敌人。
• Four men led by a sergeant lay in ambush at the crossroads.由一名中士率领的四名士兵埋伏在十字路口。

10 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

11 tankers   

运送大量液体或气体的轮船[卡车]( tanker的名词复数 )； 油轮； 罐车； 油槽车

参考例句：

• They should stop offloading waste from oil tankers into the sea. 他们应当停止从油轮上往海里倾倒废弃物。
• The harbour admits large tankers and freighters. 这个港口容得下巨型油船和货轮。

12 sabotaged   

阴谋破坏（某事物）( sabotage的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The main pipeline supplying water was sabotaged by rebels. 供水主管道被叛乱分子蓄意破坏了。
• They had no competition because competitors found their trucks burned and sabotaged. 他们之所以没有竞争对象，那是因为竞争对象老是发现自己的卡车遭火烧或被破坏。 来自教父部分

13 proxies   

n.代表权( proxy的名词复数 )；（测算用的）代替物；（对代理人的）委托书；（英国国教教区献给主教等的）巡游费

参考例句：

• SOCKS and proxies are unavailable. Try connecting to XX again? socks和代理不可用。尝试重新连接到XX吗？ 来自互联网
• All proxies are still down. Continue with direct connections? 所有的代理仍然有故障。继续直接连接吗？ 来自互联网

14 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

15 aligned   

adj.对齐的，均衡的

参考例句：

• Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。

16 consolidating   

v.（使）巩固， （使）加强( consolidate的现在分词 )；（使）合并

参考例句：

• These measures are meant for consolidating the system of basic medical care. 这些举措旨在夯实基层医疗体系，让老百姓看大病不必出远门。 来自互联网
• We are consolidating the Chinese and English versions of our homepage. 我们将为您提供中英文版本一起的主页。 来自互联网

17 truce   

n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束

参考例句：

• The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。
• She had thought of flying out to breathe the fresh air in an interval of truce.她想跑出去呼吸一下休战期间的新鲜空气。

18 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

19 stringent   

adj.严厉的；令人信服的；银根紧的

参考例句：

• Financiers are calling for a relaxation of these stringent measures.金融家呼吁对这些严厉的措施予以放宽。
• Some of the conditions in the contract are too stringent.合同中有几项条件太苛刻。

20 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

21 roe   

n.鱼卵；獐鹿

参考例句：

• We will serve smoked cod's roe at the dinner.宴会上我们将上一道熏鳕鱼子。
• I'll scramble some eggs with roe?我用鱼籽炒几个鸡蛋好吗？

22 wade   

v.跋涉，涉水；n.跋涉

参考例句：

• We had to wade through the river to the opposite bank.我们只好涉水过河到对岸。
• We cannot but wade across the river.我们只好趟水过去。

23 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

24 allocated   

adj. 分配的 动词allocate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The Ford Foundation allocated millions of dollars for cancer research. 福特基金会拨款数百万美元用于癌症研究。
• More funds will now be allocated to charitable organizations. 现在会拨更多的资金给慈善组织。

25 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。