2019年经济学人 土耳其经济(2)

 

Mr Cetinkaya had reportedly been pressed by Mr Erdogan and his son-in-law, Berat Albayrak, the finance minister,

据称，埃尔多安和他的女婿—财政部长贝拉特·阿尔巴伊拉克向切廷卡亚施压，

to use the bank's dollar reserves to support the lira ahead of the local elections.

要求他在地方选举前利用银行的美元储备支持里拉。

When Mr Erdogan and Mr Albayrak leaned on him to cut rates or resign,

当埃尔多安和阿尔巴伊拉克指望着他降低利率或辞职时，

Mr Cetinkaya declined to do either—and was shown the door.

切廷卡亚拒绝了—并被扫地出门。

He is the first central-bank boss to be sacked in Turkey since 1981,

他是自1981年以来，土耳其首位被解雇的央行行长，

when an army junta¹ dismissed most of the country's political class after a coup².

当时在政变后，军政府遣散了该国大部分的政治阶层。

The new boss of the central bank is Murat Uysal, Mr Cetinkaya's deputy—who is off to a terrible start.

央行的新行长是穆拉特·乌萨尔，他是切廷卡亚的副手—这是一个糟糕开端。

On July 8th he faced accusations³ of plagiarism⁴ in his Master's thesis (as it happens, on inflation-targeting).

7月8日，他的硕士论文（碰巧是关于通胀目标的）被指控剽窃。

He has not yet responded to the claims. Renewed pressure on the lira means

他还未对这些指控做出回应。里拉再次受到压力意味着

he will struggle to cut rates at the next meeting of the monetary-policy board, on July 25th.

在7月25日，货币政策委员会的下一次会议上，他将很难降低利率。

Doing so could set off another rout⁵, says Ibrahim Turhan, a former head of the Istanbul stock exchange.

伊斯坦布尔证券交易所前负责人易卜拉欣·图尔汉表示，这样做可能会引发另一场暴跌。

More bad news for the economy may be in store.

对经济来而言，未来可能会有更多的坏消息。

America has threatened economic sanctions against Turkey regarding its purchase of Russia's S-400 air-defence system.

土耳其从俄罗斯购买S-400防空系统，美国因此威胁要对土耳其实施经济制裁。

(Under a law passed in 2017, America can punish "significant transactions" with Russia's defence sector⁶.)

（根据2017年通过的一条法律，美国可以惩罚与俄罗斯国防部门的“重大交易”。）

Despite rumours⁷ of a compromise between Mr Erdogan and President Donald Trump⁸,

虽然埃尔多安与唐纳德·特朗普相互妥协的谣言四起，

officials in Washington say sanctions are imminent⁹.

但华盛顿官员表示，制裁迫在眉睫。

The Russian weapons were scheduled to arrive in Turkey as The Economist¹⁰ went to press. Mr Uysal faces a baptism of fire.

在本刊付印之际，俄罗斯的武器计划抵达土耳其。乌萨尔面临着一次严峻的考验。

1 junta   

n.团体；政务审议会

参考例句：

• The junta reacted violently to the perceived threat to its authority.军政府感到自身权力受威胁而进行了激烈反击。
• A military junta took control of the country.一个军政权控制了国家。

2 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

3 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

4 plagiarism   

n.剽窃，抄袭

参考例句：

• Teachers in America fight to control cheating and plagiarism.美国老师们努力对付欺骗和剽窃的问题。
• Now he's in real trouble.He's accused of plagiarism.现在他是真遇到麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。

5 rout   

n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮

参考例句：

• The enemy was put to rout all along the line.敌人已全线崩溃。
• The people's army put all to rout wherever they went.人民军队所向披靡。

6 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

7 rumours   

n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 )；风闻；谣言；谣传

参考例句：

• The rumours were completely baseless. 那些谣传毫无根据。
• Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。

8 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

9 imminent   

adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的

参考例句：

• The black clounds show that a storm is imminent.乌云预示暴风雨即将来临。
• The country is in imminent danger.国难当头。

10 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。